Hydrology of Two Headwater Lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York

Staubitz, W.W.; Zarriello, Phillip J.

doi:10.1139/f89-037

Cited by 45 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The concentrations of NO 3 and DON at the Constable Pond outlet were similar to those at the Grass Pond outlet, whereas DOC concentrations and DOC/DON ratios were higher at the Constable Pond outlet than at the Grass Pond outlet. The similarity of NO 3 and DON between the outlets of the two lakes, despite substantial differences in NO 3 and DON between the inlets of the two lakes, suggest that: (i) there are differences in the relative importance of other water sources to the lakes, including ephemeral inflows, which were not examined, and groundwater contributions (Staubitz and Zarriello, 1989); and/or (ii) in-lake N processes play an important role as the water drains from the lake inlets through the outlets.…”

Section: Nitrogen Solutes and Dissolved Organic Carbon At The Lake Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

Controls on surface water chemistry in two lake‐watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York: differences in nitrogen solute sources and sinks

Ito

Mitchell

Driscoll

et al. 2006

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:The southwestern Adirondack region of New York receives among the highest rates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in the USA. Atmospheric N deposition to sensitive ecosystems, like the Adirondacks, may increase the acidification of soils through losses of exchangeable nutrient cations, and the acidification of surface waters associated with enhanced mobility of nitrate (NO 3 ). However, watershed attributes, including surficial terrestrial characteristics, in-lake processing, and geological settings, have been found to complicate the relationships between atmospheric N deposition and N drainage losses. We studied two lake-watersheds in the southwestern Adirondacks, Grass Pond and Constable Pond, which are located in close proximity (¾26 km) and receive similarly high N deposition, but have contrasting watershed attributes (e.g. wetland area, geological settings). Since the difference in the influence of N deposition was minimal, we were able to examine both within-and between-watershed influences of land cover, the contribution of glacial till groundwater inputs, and in-lake processes on surface water chemistry with particular emphasis on N solutes and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Monthly samples at seven inlets and one outlet of each lake were collected from May to October in 1999 and 2000. The concentrations of NO 3 were high at the Grass Pond inlets, especially at two inlets, and NO 3 was the major N solute at the Grass Pond inlets. The concentrations of likely weathering products (i.e. dissolved Si, Ca 2C , Mg 2C , Na C ) as well as acid neutralizing capacity and pH values, were also particularly high at those two Grass Pond inlets, suggesting a large contribution of groundwater inputs. Dissolved organic N (DON) was the major N solute at the Constable Pond inlets. The higher concentrations of DON and DOC at the Constable Pond inlets were attributed to a large wetland area in the watershed. The DOC/DON ratios were also higher at the Constable Pond inlets, possibly due to a larger proportion of coniferous forest area. Although DON and DOC were strongly related, the stronger relationship of the proportion of wetland area with DOC suggests that additional factors regulate DON. The aggregated representation of watershed physical features (i.e. elevation, watershed area, mean topographic index, hypsometric-analysis index) was not clearly related to the lake N and DOC chemistry. Despite distinctive differences in inlet N chemistry, NO 3 and DON concentrations at the outlets of the two lakes were similar. The lower DOC/DON ratios at the lake outlets and at the inlets having upstream ponds suggest the importance of N processing and organic N sources within the lakes. Although an inverse relationship between NO 3 and DOC/DON has been suggested to be indicative of a N deposition gradient, the existence of this relationship for sites that receive similar atmospheric N deposition suggest that the relationship between NO 3 and the DOC/DON ratio is derived from environmental and physical factors. Our result...

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Section: Nitrogen Solutes and Dissolved Organic Carbon At The Lake Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

Controls on surface water chemistry in two lake‐watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York: differences in nitrogen solute sources and sinks

Ito

Mitchell

Driscoll

et al. 2006

Hydrological Processes

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“…This watershed has 98% forest cover (Staubitz and Zarriello 1989) and is dominated by American beech (Fagus grandifolia), red maple (Acer rubrum), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), with lesser amounts of red spruce (Picea rubens), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum) (Smallidge and Leopold 1994). The site is underlain by hornblende granitic gneiss bedrock covered by a sandy glacial till comprised of quartz and feldspar, with some interspersed hornblende, ilmenite, and magnetite (April and Newton 1985).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest liming increases forest floor carbon and nitrogen stocks in a mixed hardwood forest

Melvin

Lichstein

Goodale

2013

Ecological Applications

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In acid-impacted forests, decreased soil pH and calcium (Ca) availability have the potential to influence biotic and abiotic controls on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We investigated the effects of liming on above- and belowground C and N pools and fluxes 19 years after lime addition to the Woods Lake Watershed, Adirondack Park, New York, USA. Soil pH and exchangeable Ca remained elevated in the forest floor and upper mineral soil of limed areas. Forest floor C and N stocks were significantly larger in limed plots (68 vs. 31 Mg C/ha, and 3.0 vs. 1.5 Mg N/ha), resulting from a larger mass of Oa material. Liming reduced soil basal respiration rates by 17% and 43% in the Oe and Oa horizons, respectively. Net N mineralization was significantly lower in the limed soils for both forest floor horizons. Additional measurements of forest floor depth outside of our study plots, but within the treatment and control subcatchments also showed a deeper forest floor in limed areas; however, the mean depth of limed forest floor was 5 cm shallower than that observed in our study plots. Using a differential equation model of forest floor C dynamics, we found that liming effects on C fluxes measured within our study plots could explain the small observed increase in the Oe C stock but were not large enough to explain the increase in the Oa. Our catchment-wide assessment of forest floor depth, however, indicates that our plot analysis may be an overestimate of ecosystem-scale C and N stocks. Our results suggest that the mechanisms identified in our study, primarily liming-induced reduction in decomposition rates, may account for much of the observed increase in forest floor C. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding of the effects of liming in hardwood forests, and the long-term impacts of acid deposition on forest C and N uptake and retention.

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“…Instead, alternative methods of determining seepage to and from lakes are used, such as measurement by seepage meters [Lee, 1977;McBride and Pfankuch, 1975], portable well points [Lee and Cherry, 1978;Winter et al, 1988], or chemical tracers [Lee et al, 1980;Frape and Patterson, 1981]. The net contribution of groundwater to lakes commonly has been estimated as the difference between measured gains and losses of water from streamflow, precipitation, and evaporation [Likens, 1985;Staubitz and Zariello, 1989]. Another approach to determining the groundwater component of lake water balances is to use chemical mass balance of major ions [Stauffer, This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological and chemical estimates of the water balance of a closed‐basin lake in north central Minnesota

LaBaugh¹,

Winter²,

Rosenberry³

et al. 1997

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. Chemical mass balances for sodium, magnesium, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, and oxygen 18 were used to estimate groundwater seepage to and from Williams Lake, Minnesota, over a 15-month period, from April 1991 through June 1992. Groundwater seepage to the lake and seepage from the lake to groundwater were determined independently using a flow net approach using data from water table wells installed as part of the study. Hydrogeological analysis indicated groundwater seepage to the lake accounted for 74% of annual water input to the lake; the remainder came from atmospheric precipitation, as determined from a gage in the watershed and from nearby National Weather Service gages. Seepage from the lake accounted for 69% of annual water losses from the lake; the remainder was removed by evaporation, as determined by the energy budget method. Calculated annual water loss exceeded calculated annual water gain, and this imbalance was double the value of the independently measured decrease in lake volume. Seepage to the lake determined from oxygen 18 was larger (79% of annual water input) than that determined from the flow net approach and made the difference between calculated annual water gain and loss consistent with the independently measured decrease in lake volume. Although the net difference between volume of seepage to the lake and volume of seepage from the lake was 1% of average lake volume, movement of water into and out of the lake 'by seepage represented an annual exchange of groundwater with the lake equal to 26-27% of lake volume. Estimates of seepage to the lake from sodium, magnesium, chloride, and dissolved organic carbon did not agree with the values determined from flow net approach or oxygen 18. These results indicated the importance of using a combination of hydrogeological and chemical approaches to define volume of seepage to and from Williams Lake and identify uncertainties in chemical fluxes. Investigations of lakes that have included detailed hydrolog-2799

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Hydrology of Two Headwater Lakes in the Adirondack Mountains of New York

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Controls on surface water chemistry in two lake‐watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York: differences in nitrogen solute sources and sinks

Controls on surface water chemistry in two lake‐watersheds in the Adirondack region of New York: differences in nitrogen solute sources and sinks

Forest liming increases forest floor carbon and nitrogen stocks in a mixed hardwood forest

Hydrological and chemical estimates of the water balance of a closed‐basin lake in north central Minnesota

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