Hydrological processes behind annual and decadal-scale variations in the water quality of runoff in Finnish catchments with acid sulfate soils

Toivonen, Janne; Österholm, Peter; Fröjdö, Sören

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.02.034

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this study, precipitation was most related to pH and total nitrogen with a non-linear relationship. The acidity of Finnish rivers located in western coastal areas has been connected to seasons with increased discharge (Saarinen et al 2010) and runoff (Toivonen et al 2013). Although the variation in pH were strongest related to the high-flow periods, statistically significant relationship between pH and discharge variable was not observed in this study.…”

Section: Environmental Variables Explaining Water Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…In addition, Smart et al (2001) connected riparian areas to acidity as they concluded that riparian areas are important in predicting stream waters sensitive to acidity. The forming of acid sulphate soils, typical especially in Finland's western coast (Toivonen et al 2013), is causing the low pH values in rivers flowing through these areas (Niemi and Raateland 2007). However, revealing the connection between acid waters and acid soils would require knowledge about the acid sulphate soils in the catchments.…”

Section: Spatial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These influence surface runoff, which is an essential factor affecting discharge (Winter 2001) and water quality (e.g. Withers and Jarvie 2008;Toivonen et al 2013). In addition, in cold climate areas precipitation falls as snow, soil and surface waters freeze during winter time, which influences hydrological processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-temporal aspects of the environmental factors affecting water quality in boreal rivers

Varanka

Hjort

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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River water quality is the outcome of multiple processes and factors, which vary spatially and temporally. In this study, the key spatial and temporal scales and the most important environmental factors explaining river water quality at these scales were analysed by generalized additive models (GAMs). Water quality was studied through total phosphorus (median = 61.9 µg l -1 ) and nitrogen (1388.1 µg l -1 ), pH (6.7) and water colour (143.3 mg Pt l -1 ). Environmental factors covered variables from land use/cover, climate and other landscape characteristics. The spatial scales used were the closest 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 500 m and 1000 m buffer zones around the river channel, in addition to the entire catchment area. Temporality was studied through the entire year and four periods, which were determined by the natural variation in discharge.In the comparison of spatial scales of environmental factors, the variation in phosphorus, nitrogen and water colour was best explained using environmental data from the broadest scale, the entire catchment. In contrast, the variation in pH was best explained using data from the closest (50 m) buffer zone, the riparian area. In modelling temporal scales, the variation in water quality variables was best explained during discharge maximum periods and when the environmental data covering the entire year was considered. Nutrients were related specifically to agriculture, water colour to lake percentage, and pH to pastures. The results showed the suitability of GAMs in water quality studies.

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Section: Environmental Variables Explaining Water Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Spatial Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-temporal aspects of the environmental factors affecting water quality in boreal rivers

Varanka

Hjort

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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“…The water quality in the lake during the ten-year study showed great variation, with low pH and high EC and Toivonen et al 2013Toivonen et al , 2019. The overall water quality was poorer in the lake than in the Esse River because the three smaller rivers in combination with the numerous low-order streams contributed with a relatively higher acidic metal load (Toivonen and Ö sterholm 2011;Toivonen et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Climatic effects on water quality in areas with acid sulfate soils with commensurable consequences on the reproduction of burbot (Lota lota L.)

Toivonen

Hudd²,

Nystrand

et al. 2020

Environ Geochem Health

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Due to discharge from acid sulfate (a.s.) soils, watercourses and coastal areas in the Gulf of Bothnia are periodically heavily acidified with high concentrations of potentially toxic metals. Data on water quality from 2005 to 2014 in an embanked lake, an estuary of four rivers in western Finland, showed repeated events with acidic water (pH < 5.5) with high concentrations of Al. Size fractionation and species modeling of Al showed that a significant part of the Al occurred as highly toxic small-size fractions (dissolved < 1 kDa and colloidal 1 kDa—0.45 µm) as free ions and complexed to sulfate. The larval abundance of the burbot (Lota lota L.) was shown to be sensitive to acidity during the wintertime spawning migration and spawning. Bearing in mind the importance of estuaries of the northern Baltic Sea as spawning and nursery areas of fish, the reoccurring failure in the reproduction of fish may cause a more serious threat for the lake and adjacent coastal fish stocks than the spectacular, but less frequent, mass kills of adult fish. This demonstrates the close relationship between climate, hydrology, water geochemistry and the aquatic coastal ecosystem in areas affected by a.s. soils. As the current forecast of climate chance indicates warmer winters with more continuous runoff, the effects can become even more prominent. This study also shows that the annual larvae abundance of burbot may be used as a bioindicator and an instrument for the fisheries for obtaining more comprehensive knowledge of the ecological effects of acidic metal discharge from a.s. soils.

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“…Al, Cd, Co, Ni, Zn and rare earth elements; Hildén and Rapport, 1993;Hudd and Leskelä, 1998;Åström et al, 2005;Saarinen et al, 2010;Toivonen et al, 2013). A source has been identified in sulfide-bearing sediments, formed under reducing conditions at the bottom of the Baltic Sea since the Litorina Sea stage (starting c. 8,000 years BP, during Holocene).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of acid sulfate soil mapping utilizing chemical indicators in recipient waters

Beucher¹,

Fröjdö²,

Österholm³

et al. 2015

Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland

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Assessment of acid sulfate soil mapping utilizing chemical indicators in recipient watersIn Finland, poor water quality and associated ecological damage in the coastal streams related to land use on acid sulfate (a.s.) soils has been drawing a considerable amount of attention since the 1950's. These soils originate from sulfide-bearing marine sediments mostly occurring in the coastal areas located below the highest shoreline of the former Litorina Sea. Of the many previous studies carried out on soil or water data, quite few gathered both and their geographic extent was relatively limited. This study aimed at assessing a.s. soil probability maps using two chemical indicators measured in the recipient waters (i.e. sulfate content and sulfate/chloride ratio) for 24 catchments along the Finnish coast. All the available data was compiled for these catchments, which were surveyed using different methods (i.e. conventional mapping and two spatial modeling techniques: fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks). High sulfate contents and sulfate/ chloride ratios measured in these rivers were controlled by a.s. soils in the corresponding catchments. The extent of the most probable areas for a.s. soils in the surveyed catchments correlated with the two chemical indicators measured in the recipient waters, suggesting that the probability maps created with different methods are reliable and comparable. The use of a.s. soil related chemical indicators in water, thus, constitutes a complementary, independent and straightforward tool to assess a.s. soil probability maps.Keywords (GeoRef Thesaurus, AGI): acid sulfate soils, mapping, sulfates, drainage basins, rivers, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, neural networks, Finland *Corresponding author (e-mail: amelie.beucher@abo.fi) Editorial handling: Antti Ojala (antti.ojala@gtk.fi)

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Hydrological processes behind annual and decadal-scale variations in the water quality of runoff in Finnish catchments with acid sulfate soils

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Spatio-temporal aspects of the environmental factors affecting water quality in boreal rivers

Spatio-temporal aspects of the environmental factors affecting water quality in boreal rivers

Climatic effects on water quality in areas with acid sulfate soils with commensurable consequences on the reproduction of burbot (Lota lota L.)

Assessment of acid sulfate soil mapping utilizing chemical indicators in recipient waters

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