Hydrological Evaluation of Lake Chad Basin Using Space Borne and Hydrological Model Observations

Buma, Willibroad Gabila; S, Lee; Seo, Jae Young

doi:10.3390/w8050205

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The lake recession in the second half of the 20th century has triggered conflicts related to food security, poverty, and migration [11,12]. It is therefore crucial to continuously monitor Lake Chad to increase our understanding of water resource availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatio-temporal characteristics of water storage change within the Lake Chad basin from 2003 to 2013 was investigated by Buma and Lee [15] using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Landsat imageries. Additionally, Buma et al [12] investigated the diverse aspects of the Lake Chad basin through a combined used of updated remotely sensed and hydrological model datasets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That said, these studies, in addition to those based on remote sensing techniques, have focused mainly on monitoring either water surface area or lake level [4,13,14,[16][17][18]. Although several studies have tried to reveal the water storage change of Lake Chad, they are conducted on the whole basin scale [12,19]. The water volume variation of the lake itself has seldom been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis

2017

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Abstract:The drought episodes in the second half of the 20th century have profoundly modified the state of Lake Chad and investigation of its variations is necessary under the new circumstances. Multiple remote sensing observations were used in this paper to study its variation in the recent 25 years. Unlike previous studies, only the southern pool of Lake Chad (SPLC) was selected as our study area, because it is the only permanent open water area after the serious lake recession in [1973][1974][1975]. Four satellite altimetry products were used for water level retrieval and 904 Landsat TM/ETM+ images were used for lake surface area extraction. Based on the water level (L) and surface area (A) retrieved (with coinciding dates), linear regression method was used to retrieve the SPLC's L-A curve, which was then integrated to estimate water volume variations (∆V). The results show that the SPLC has been in a relatively stable phase, with a slight increasing trend from 1992 to 2016. On annual average scale, the increase rate of water level, surface area and water volume is 0.5 cm year −1 , 0.14 km 2 year −1 and 0.007 km 3 year −1 , respectively. As for the intra-annual variations of the SPLC, the seasonal variation amplitude of water level, lake area and water volume is 1.38 m, 38.08 km 2 and 2.00 km 3 , respectively. The scatterplots between precipitation and ∆V indicate that there is a time lag of about one to two months in the response of water volume variations to precipitation, which makes it possible for us to predict ∆V. The water balance of the SPLC is significantly different from that of the entire Lake Chad. While evaporation accounts for 96% of the lake's total water losses, only 16% of the SPLC's losses are consumed by evaporation, with the other 84% offset by outflow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis

2017

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“…Buma et al [20] assess observed changes in hydrological conditions of Lake Chad basin based on the total water storage (TWS) derived from GRACE, lake levels taken from satellite altimetry, and water fluxes and soil moisture obtained from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The authors observe a similar pattern between TWS and lake level changes and subsurface water volume changes.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resource Variability and Climate Change

Urban

2016

Water

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A significant challenge posed by changing climates is how water cycling and surficial and subsurface water availability will be affected at global and regional scales. Such alterations are critical as they often lead to increased vulnerability in ecosystems and human society. Understanding specifically how climate change affects water resource variability in different locations is of critical importance to sustainable development in different parts of the world. The papers included in this special issue focus on three broad perspectives associated with water resource variability and climate change. Six papers employ remote sensing, meteorological station-based observational data, and tree-ring records to empirically determine how water resources have been changing over historical time periods. Eight of the contributions focus on modeling approaches to determine how known processes are likely to manifest themselves as climate shifts over time. Two others focus on human perceptions and adaptation strategies in the midst of unstable or unsettled water availability. The findings and methods presented in this collection of papers provide important contributions to the increased study and awareness of climate change on water resources.

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“…This data is needed because the quantitative estimation of water balance components is important to understand the variations taking place at catchment/global level [2]. However, in many developing and arid regions of the world, the assessment and management of water resources is still a major challenge due to data scarcity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Global Reanalysis Datasets as Input for Hydrological Modelling in the Sudano-Sahel Region

2017

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This paper investigates the potential of using global reanalysis datasets as input for hydrological modelling in the data-scarce Sudano-Sahel region. To achieve this, we used two global atmospheric reanalyses (Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim) datasets and one global meteorological forcing dataset WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ERA-Interim (WFDEI). These datasets were used to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Logone catchment in the Lake Chad basin. Model performance indicators after calibration showed that, at daily and monthly time steps, only WFDEI produced Nash Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R 2 ) values above 0.50. Despite a general underperformance compared to WFDEI, CFSR performed better than the ERA-Interim. Model uncertainty analysis after calibration showed that more than 60% of all daily and monthly observed streamflow values at all hydrometric stations were bracketed within the 95 percent prediction uncertainty (95PPU) range for all datasets. Results from this study also show significant differences in simulated actual evapotranspiration estimates from the datasets. Overall results showed that biased corrected WFDEI outperformed the two reanalysis datasets; meanwhile CFSR performed better than the ERA-Interim. We conclude that, in the absence of gauged hydro-meteorological data, WFDEI and CFSR could be used for hydrological modelling in data-scarce areas such as the Sudano-Sahel region.

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Hydrological Evaluation of Lake Chad Basin Using Space Borne and Hydrological Model Observations

Cited by 42 publications

References 40 publications

Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis

Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis

Water Resource Variability and Climate Change

Evaluating Global Reanalysis Datasets as Input for Hydrological Modelling in the Sudano-Sahel Region

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