Hydrological and Chemical Water Regime in the Catchments of Bystra and Sucha Woda, in the Tatra National Park

Abstract

The chemical composition of surface water and groundwater is subject to constant changes, which result primarily from meteorological factors (for instance, size and intensity of atmospheric precipitation), hydrological factors (for instance, the degree of hydration of the mountain massif and changes in river flows), and geological-lithological factors (the type of bedrock). The aim of the present research was to examine the hydrological and chemical regime of surface and underground waters in the Bystra and Sucha Woda mountain stream catchments.Between December 2013 and December 2016, 77 series of measurements were collected at the rhythm of twice a month (n = 611 water samples) from 8 sites, which represented both surface waters (watercourses, ponds) and underground waters (karst springs). The studied area possesses very distinct geological duality. The southern part is a crystalline region, and the northern part is made up of sedimentary rocks. During the field studies, the following have been measured: water levels of the watercourses, flow rates, and physicochemical characteristics of water, such as electrical conductivity, pH and water temperature. At the same time, water samples were collected for laboratory analyses, which included general mineralization and concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , HCO 3 -Sajdak, M., Siwek, J., Bojarczuk, A., Żelazny, M. (2018). Hydrological and chemical water regime in the catchments of Bystra and Sucha Woda, in the Tatra National Park. Acta Sci. Pol., Formatio Circumiectus, 18(3), 161-173. DOI: 162 www.formatiocircumiectus.actapol.net/pl/ composition of the Bystra stream water, draining the crystalline-sedimentary (karst) part of the catchment, was strictly dependent on the chemical composition of groundwater from the Goryczkowy and lower Bystra karst springs.

Impact of Deforestation on Changes of Ion Share in Chemical Composition of Waters of the Malinowski Stream Along Longitudinal Hydrochemical Profiles

“…For most catchments located in the middle and lower zones of the Skrzyczne massif, a typical course of NO 3 concentration was observed -higher concentration in winter, and lower in summer. Similar results -NO 3 concentration increase in non-growing period, and decrease in growing period -were obtained in the Tatras by Żelazny (2012), Wolanin (2013), Gromadzka et al 2015, Sajdak et al (2018), in the Babia Góra National Park by Malata (2015), in the Gorce range by Jasik et al (2017), in the Silesian Beskid and the Żywiec Beskid by Astel et al (2008), as well as in small agricultural catchments in the Lower Silesia by Pulikowski et al (2005) and 2011. Similar seasonal variation in NO 3 was observed in a small urbanised catchment in England by Worrall and Burt (1998) and in the UK by Jarvie et al (2010).…”

Contamination of small urban watercourses on the example of a stream in Krakow (Poland)

“…In the riverbed, the dynamics of the variability of the chemical composition of waters is much higher than for the solid phase. Changes in the composition are primarily determined by the geological structure of the catchment, hydro-meteorological conditions, as well as the seasonal dynamics of river runoff (Cameron 1996;Shomar et al 2005;Sajdak et al 2018).…”

New Empirical Model Using Landscape Hydric Potential Method to Estimate Median Peak Discharges in Mountain Ungauged Catchments

“…In the case of the Dunajec river (C16), the lowest F attribute, equal to 0.0 (unstable ecosystems), was observed. One of the main reasons is the deforestation problem that caused higher runoff with an influence on the change in concentration of ions in water [35,36]. Generally, the deforestation of Dunajec catchments influenced the lowest LHP, equal to 6.6 (see Table 1).…”