Hydrologic response of the Crow Wing Watershed, Minnesota, to mid-Holocene climate change

Person, Mark; Roy, P.; Wright, H. E.; Gutowski, William J.; Ito, Emi; Winter, T. C.; Rosenberry, Donald O.; Cohen, Denis

doi:10.1130/b26003.1

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Changes in climatic conditions through the Holocene could have impacted the fidelity of the record at the Paw Paw site. Increased aridity in the mid‐Holocene (peak at ~6 ka; Dean et al, ; Webb et al, ) could have generated a local hydrologic response (deeper groundwater conditions; Person et al, ) thereby making the hillslopes less prone to coseismic failure. However, geotechnical analysis focused on coseismic landslides by Jibson and Keefer () indicates that groundwater conditions did not play an important role in the failure of those features, which occurred in the same geologic stratigraphic framework (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA

et al. 2019

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Three sequences of well‐documented, major ~M7+ earthquakes (1811–1812, ~1450, and ~900 CE) in the New Madrid seismic zone, USA, contribute significantly to seismic hazard in the region. However, it is unknown whether this <550‐year recurrence interval has been constant throughout the Holocene given limited geomorphic evidence of prior earthquakes. We extend the record of paleoearthquakes along the Reelfoot fault via investigation of ridgetop gravitational failure features, interpreted as sackungen. The sackungen occur in bluffs along the eastern margin of the Mississippi River floodplain and are concentrated near (<15 km) the southwest dipping Reelfoot reverse fault. A paleoseismic trench excavated across sackungen at the Paw Paw site exposed four packages of colluvial sediment that postdate 30‐ to 11‐ka Peoria Loess. We interpret the colluvial packages to have been deposited following episodic failure of the sackungen as a result of strong ground motions from the following sequence of earthquakes: event 4, 1640 ± 1730 BCE; event 3, 270 ± 670 CE; event 2, 1430 ± 380 CE; and event 1, 1810 ± 50 CE (2 sigma). Event timing corresponds to previously documented earthquakes and represents the longest archive of paleoearthquakes on the Reelfoot fault. If the trenched sackungen record all major Reelfoot fault earthquakes, our observations in combination with prior investigations indicate a period of quiescence from at least 11 to 4.4 ka, followed by four major seismic events culminating in the 1811–1812 CE sequence. This clustered earthquake recurrence pattern helps place bounds on seismic hazard and geodynamic models in the New Madrid seismic zone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA

et al. 2019

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“…Modeling heat flow allows us to explore the potential for convection-induced fluid and solute mixing due to geothermal heat transport from depth and recharge by cool subglacial water from the surface. We use PGEOFE, a parallel version of GEOFE, which is a serial, finite element-based paleohydrogeologic model [Person et al, 2007b;Cohen et al, 2010].…”

Section: Numerical Modeling For This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of late Pleistocene glaciations on the hydrogeology of the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts, USA

Siegel

Person

Dugan

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Multiple late Pleistocene glaciations that extended onto the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts, USA, may have emplaced as much as 100 km 3 of freshwater (salinity <5 ppt) in continental shelf sediments. To estimate the volume and extent of offshore freshwater, we developed a three-dimensional, variable-density model that couples fluid flow and heat and solute transport for the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts. The stratigraphy for our model is based on high-resolution, multichannel seismic data. The model incorporates the last 3 Ma of climate history by prescribing boundary conditions of sea level change and ice sheet extent and thickness. We incorporate new estimates of the maximum extent of a late Pleistocene ice sheet to near the shelf-slope break. Model results indicate that this late Pleistocene ice sheet was responsible for much of the emplaced freshwater. We predict that the current freshwater distribution may reach depths up to 500 meters below sea level and up to 30 km beyond Martha's Vineyard. The freshwater distribution is strongly dependent on the three-dimensional stratigraphy and ice sheet history. Our predictions improve our understanding of the distribution of offshore freshwater, a potential nonrenewable resource for coastal communities along recently glaciated margins.

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“…We developed a high‐resolution, three‐dimensional, variable‐density groundwater flow model for this study ( GW_ICE ) to reconstruct the extent of fresh water on the Atlantic continental shelf in New England during the Pleistocene. GW_ICE is a modified (parallelized) version of the serial finite‐element based paleohydrogeologic model GEOFE (Person et al 2007b). Documentation describing the governing transport equations for groundwater flow, heat, solute transport, numerical implementation, and partial model validation exercises for the serial version of this code ( GEOFE ) are available at http://www.ees.nmt.edu/person.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA

et al. 2009

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While the existence of relatively fresh groundwater sequestered within permeable, porous sediments beneath the Atlantic continental shelf of North and South America has been known for some time, these waters have never been assessed as a potential resource. This fresh water was likely emplaced during Pleistocene sea-level low stands when the shelf was exposed to meteoric recharge and by elevated recharge in areas overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet at high latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we present results from a high-resolution paleohydrologic model of groundwater flow, heat and solute transport, ice sheet loading, and sea level fluctuations for the continental shelf from New Jersey to Maine over the last 2 million years. Our analysis suggests that the presence of fresh to brackish water within shallow Miocene sands more than 100 km offshore of New Jersey was facilitated by discharge of submarine springs along Baltimore and Hudson Canyons where these shallow aquifers crop out. Recharge rates four times modern levels were computed for portions of New England's continental shelf that were overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. We estimate the volume of emplaced Pleistocene continental shelf fresh water (less than 1 ppt) to be 1300 km(3) in New England. We also present estimates of continental shelf fresh water resources for the U.S. Atlantic eastern seaboard (10(4) km(3)) and passive margins globally (3 x 10(5) km(3)). The simulation results support the hypothesis that offshore fresh water is a potentially valuable, albeit nonrenewable resource for coastal megacities faced with growing water shortages.

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Hydrologic response of the Crow Wing Watershed, Minnesota, to mid-Holocene climate change

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA

Four Major Holocene Earthquakes on the Reelfoot Fault Recorded by Sackungen in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, USA

Influence of late Pleistocene glaciations on the hydrogeology of the continental shelf offshore Massachusetts, USA

Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA

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