Hydrography90m: A new high-resolution global hydrographic dataset

Abstract

Abstract. The geographic distribution of streams and rivers drives a multitude of patterns and processes in hy-drology, geomorphology, geography and ecology. Therefore, a hydrographic network that accurately delineatesboth small streams and large rivers with equal precision, along with their topographic and topological proper-ties, would be indispensable in the earth sciences. However, no such hydrographic study has been publishedto date. Perhaps equally critical is the absence of small headwater streams in global hydrographies, as theseare estimated to contribute to more than 70 % of overall stream length. We aimed to fill this gap by using theMERIT Hydro Digital Elevation Model at 3 arc-sec (∼90 m at the equator) to derive a globally seamless, stan-dardised hydrographic network, the "Hydrography90m", with corresponding stream topographic and topologicalinformation. A central feature of the network is the minimal upstream contributing area, i.e. flow accumulation,of 0.05 km2 (or 5 ha) to initiate a stream channel, which allowed us to extract headwater stream channels ingreat detail. By employing a suite of GRASS GIS hydrological modules, we calculated the range-wide upstreamflow accumulation and flow direction to delineate a total of 1.6 million drainage basins, and extracted globallya total of 726 million unique stream segments with their corresponding sub-catchments. In addition, we com-puted stream topographic variables comprising stream slope, gradient, length, and curvature attributes, as wellas stream topological variables to allow for network routing and various stream order classifications. We vali-dated the spatial accuracy and flow accumulation of Hydrography90m against NHDPlus HR, an independent,national high-resolution hydrographic network dataset of the United States. Our validation shows that the newlydeveloped Hydrography90m has the highest spatial precision, and contains more headwater stream channelscompared to three other global hydrographic datasets. This inclusive approach provides a vital, and long-overduebaseline for assessing actual streamflow in headwaters, and opens new research avenues for high-resolution stud-ies of surface water worldwide. Hydrography90m thus offers significant potential to facilitate the assessment offreshwater quantity and quality, inundation risk, biodiversity and conservation, as well as resource managementobjectives in a globally comprehensive and standardised manner. We provide all the computed layers for visual-isation and download in 20° × 20° tiles at https://public.igb-berlin.de/index.php/s/od7neyLcYgi5qRp. While the entire dataset can be used directly in standard GIS applications, we recommend its seamless integration with hydrological modules in open-source QGIS and GRASS GIS software to further customise the data and derive optimal utility from it.

A database of freshwater macroinvertebrate occurrence records across Cuba

“…Two of the remaining fields are based on GBIF (i.e., gbifID) and the Freshwater Core Template at the Freshwater Biodiversity Data Portal (i.e., waterBodyType, https://data.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/ ). The last field consists of a sub-catchment identification number for each occurrence, extracted from the most recent high-resolution global hydrographic dataset Hydrography90m 21 . Coordinates are in decimal degrees of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).…”

“…Our database 4 (“occurrence_records.csv”) comprises a total of 6292 records of 457 species, at 1075 unique localities from 269 drainage basins of the Hydrography90m 21 and 1080 sub-catchments (Fig. 2 ).…”

“…freshwaterbiodiversity.eu/). The last field consists of a sub-catchment identification number for each occurrence, extracted from the most recent high-resolution global hydrographic dataset Hydrography90m 21 . Coordinates are in decimal degrees of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).…”

Tracking a killer shrimp: Dikerogammarus villosus invasion dynamics across Europe

“…We obtained site-specific runoff data, expressed as the annual Q (mm), from the TerraClimate dataset at 4-km spatial resolution (Abatzoglou et al, 2018). We extracted the elevation of each site from the MERIT Hydro digital elevation model (Yamazaki et al, 2019) at 90-m spatial resolution and used the Hydrography90m (Amatulli et al, 2022) stream network, catchments and sub-catchments (catchments between network nodes) as underlying spatial units. For each site, we computed the stream slope using the r.stream.slope function.…”