Hydrographic structure and variability of the Kara Sea: Implications for pollutant distribution

Pavlov, Vladimir; Pfirman, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/0967-0645(95)00046-1

Cited by 146 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…The southern Kara Sea is ice free only from mid-July to mid-October (Pavlov and Pfirman, 1995) (www.aari.nw.ru). The central and northern Kara Sea remain ice covered until the end of August in most years.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high discharge period is characterised by strong stratification with warmer and less saline surface water and a deep salt wedge intruding into the estuaries (Harms et al, 2003). The thermohalocline separating surface and deep water masses is situated at about 6-8 m in the inner Kara Sea and can be at 20 m water depth in the offshore areas (Pavlov and Pfirman, 1995;Shmelkov et al, 2002). In summer the average salinity is around 10 in the surface waters of the estuaries and increases to 430 in the northern Kara Sea (Fig.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

Gaye

Fahl

Kodina

et al. 2007

Continental Shelf Research

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The Kara Sea is one of the arctic marginal seas strongly influenced by fresh water and river suspension. The highly seasonal discharge by the two major rivers Yenisei and Ob induces seasonal changes in hydrography, sea surface temperature, ice cover, primary production and sedimentation. In order to obtain a seasonal pattern of sedimentation in the Kara Sea, sediment traps were deployed near the river mouth of the Yenisei (Yen) as well as in the central Kara Sea (Kara) within the framework of the German-Russian project ''Siberian River run-off; SIRRO''. Two and a half years of time-series flux data were obtained between September 2000 and April 2003 and were analyzed for bulk components, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes as well as sterols and fatty acids.Sediment trap data show that much of the annual deposition occurred under ice cover, possibly enhanced by zooplanktonic activity and sediment resuspension. An early bloom of ice-associated algae in April/May occurred in the polynya area and may have been very important to sustain the life cycles of higher organisms after the light limitation of the winter months due to no/low insolation and ice cover. The strong river input dominated the months June-August in the southern part of the Kara Sea. The central Kara Sea had a much shorter productive period starting in August and was less affected by the river plumes. Despite different time-scales of sampling and trapping biases, total annual fluxes from traps were in the same order of magnitude as accumulation rates in surface sediments. Terrestrial organic carbon accumulation decreased from 10.7 to 0.3 g C m À2 a À1 from the riverine source to the central Kara Sea. Parallel to this, preservation of marine organic matter decreased from 10% to 2% of primary productivity which was probably related to decreasing rates of sedimentation. r

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

Gaye

Fahl

Kodina

et al. 2007

Continental Shelf Research

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“…Most of this discharge is related to the major rivers Ob and Yenisei contributing 404 and 620 km 3 yr À1 , respectively (Table 1). The discharge exhibits strong seasonal and interannual variations (Pavlov and Pfirman, 1995;Gordeev et al, 1996;Holmes et al, 2002). The maximum discharge rate is observed in June, when about 45-65% of the annual freshwater run-off and 80% of the annual suspended matter are released (Shiklomanov and Skakalsky, 1994;Gordeev et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particulate organic carbon supply by the same rivers is estimated to reach about 0.36 Â 10 6 and 0.17 Â 10 6 t yr À1 , respectively. For the Yenisei, a total suspended matter supply of 14.4 Â 10 6 t yr À1 , which (Harms et al, 2000) and the distribution of polynyas (Pavlov and Pfirman, 1995). The area of the marginal filter is indicated as hatched field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic (palaeo) river discharge and environmental change: evidence from the Holocene Kara Sea sedimentary record

STEIN¹

2004

Quaternary Science Reviews

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In this paper, we summarize data on terrigenous sediment supply in the Kara Sea and its accumulation and spatial and temporal variability during Holocene times. Sedimentological, organic-geochemical, and micropaleontological proxies determined in surface sediments allow to characterize the modern (riverine) terrigenous sediment input. AMS-14 C dated sediment cores from the Ob and Yenisei estuaries and the adjacent inner Kara Sea were investigated to determine the terrigenous sediment fluxes and their relationship to paleoenvironmental changes. The variability of sediment fluxes during Holocene times is related to the post-glacial sea-level rise and changes in river discharge and coastal erosion input. Whereas during the late/middle Holocene most of the terrigenous sediments were deposited in the estuaries and the areas directly off the estuaries, huge amounts of sediments accumulated on the Kara Sea shelf farther north during the early Holocene before about 9 Cal. kyr BP. The maximum accumulation at that time is related to the lowered sea level, increased coastal erosion, and increased river discharge. Based on sediment thickness charts, echograph profiles and sediment core data, we estimate an average Holocene (0-11 Cal. kyr BP) annual accumulation of 194 Â 10 6 t yr À1 of total sediment for the whole Kara Sea. Based on late Holocene (modern) sediment accumulation in the estuaries, probably 12 Â 10 6 t yr À1 of riverine suspended matter (i.e., about 30% of the input) may escape the marginal filter on a geological time scale and is transported onto the open Kara Sea shelf. The high-resolution magnetic susceptibility record of a Yenisei core suggests a short-term variability in Siberian climate and river discharge on a frequency of 300-700 yr. This variability may reflect natural cyclic climate variations to be seen in context with the interannual and interdecadal environmental changes recorded in the High Northern Latitudes over the last decades, such as the NAO/AO pattern. A major decrease in MS values starting near 2.5 Cal. kyr BP, being more pronounced during the last about 2 Cal. kyr BP, correlates with a cooling trend over Greenland as indicated in the GISP-2 Ice Core, extended sea-ice cover in the North Atlantic, and advances of glaciers in western Norway. Our still preliminary interpretation of the MS variability has to be proven by further MS records from additional cores as well as other highresolution multi-proxy Arctic climate records. r

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“…This is in contrast to the younger age encountered among driftwood logs originating in northwest Russia found, e.g., on western Svalbard, Jan Mayen, and in north Norway [Bartholin and Hjort, 1987;Eggertsson, 1994a;Johansen, 1998Johansen, , 1999 A transport of the driftwood logs found on northern Novaya Zemlya originating in northwest Russia may alternatively have taken place south of Novaya Zemlya and into the Kara Sea. However, as this water flow is considerably smaller than the transport north of Novaya Zemlya and as counterflow back into the Barents Sea also takes place [Pavlov and Pfirman, 1995], this route is considered less likely. Northern Novaya Zemlya is also exposed to water and ice drift moving northward in the Kara Sea into the Arctic basin or the Barents Sea.…”

Section: Correlation Values With Driftwood Chronologies Dated To the mentioning

confidence: 99%

A dendrochronological analysis of driftwood in the Northern Dvina delta and on northern Novaya Zemlya

Johansen¹

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Hydrographic structure and variability of the Kara Sea: Implications for pollutant distribution

Cited by 146 publications

References 13 publications

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

Arctic (palaeo) river discharge and environmental change: evidence from the Holocene Kara Sea sedimentary record

A dendrochronological analysis of driftwood in the Northern Dvina delta and on northern Novaya Zemlya

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