Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genesis Model of Jinjiang and Julong Hot Springs in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Abstract

Changbai Mountain in China has been explored as a potential area for its rich hot springs including the Jinjiang and Julong hot spring groups. The hydrogeochemical characteristics and conceptual genesis models of the Jinjiang and Julong hot springs were evaluated by hydrogeochemical analysis, isotope analysis, rock sample analysis, hydrogeochemistry simulation, and geophysical exploration method. The results showed that HCO3− and Na+ were the most abundant anion and cation in the hot springs, and the hydrochemical type was Na-HCO3. And the hot springs are enriched with trace components such as H2SiO3 and Sr. The major gas composition of the Jinjiang hot springs and Julong hot springs were CO2, N2, and CH4, which were derived from the mantle. The chemical compositions were produced by feldspar and pyroxene mineral hydrolysis. The recharge source of the hot springs was atmospheric precipitation and was also influenced by evaporation, and the genetic models for the Jinjiang hot springs and Julong hot springs were as follows: the heat source of both was a magma body and heat was mainly migrated in the form of thermal conduction. The cap rocks were both composed of trachyte of Baitoushan formation, basalt of Junjianshan formation, and rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks of Changbai formation. The geothermal reservoir of both hot springs was a fracture zone with the lithology of volcanic breccia, sand, and gravel and volcanic breccia and marble, respectively.

Geochemical Implication of Chemical Composition of Mineral Water (Bottled Water) Produced Near Mt. Baekdu (Changbai), Northeast China

“…Baekdu area. Recently, Yan et al [8][9][10] reported that chemical compositions of the hot spring and mineral (spring) water in Mt. Baekdu were produced from water-rock interaction through the deep and long water cycle of the thermal water.…”

Diversity and Co-Occurrence Patterns of Fungal and Bacterial Communities from Alkaline Sediments and Water of Julong High-Altitude Hot Springs at Tianchi Volcano, Northeast China

“…Julong geothermal spring water is enriched with minerals such as Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Mn [30]. Trace components such as H 2 SiO 3 , Li, and Sr are also abundant [30,31]. The geothermal fluid in the Julong hot springs is characterized by temperatures between 70 and 83 • C [32] and pH from weakly alkaline to alkaline (7.44-8.17) [33].…”

“…The geothermal fluid in the Julong hot springs is characterized by temperatures between 70 and 83 • C [32] and pH from weakly alkaline to alkaline (7.44-8.17) [33]. Gases related to mantle magmatic activity, which are released from the hot spring area, include CO 2 , N 2 , H 2 , He, and CH 4 , with CO 2 being the most abundant [31,34]. Sinter caked in the hot spring region is expected to host unusual thermophilic biota that may provide clues to ancient life on Earth and possibly Mars [35].…”

Changes in microbial community structure and functioning with elevation are linked to local soil characteristics as well as climatic variables

“…Changbai Mountain (42°8'25.4004”N, 128°7'36.2352″E) extends along the border between the Chinese provinces Jilin and Liaoning and North Korea, with the “Changbaishan” being the highest mountain (2750 m asl). Samples were taken along the northern slope of the mountain forming part of the “Changbaishan National Nature Reserve.” The alkaline geological groups in the sampling area comprise stomatal and laminated basalt, alkali pumice, trachyte and tuff, reflecting the volcanic history of the mountain (Yan et al, 2018). The area belongs to the temperate climate regime and is characterized by long winters and short and warm summers.…”

“…Samples were taken along the northern slope of the mountain forming part of the "Changbaishan National Nature Reserve." The alkaline geological groups in the sampling area comprise stomatal and laminated basalt, alkali pumice, trachyte and tuff, reflecting the volcanic history of the mountain (Yan et al, 2018). The area belongs to the temperate climate regime and is characterized by long winters and short and warm summers.…”