Geochemical Implication of Chemical Composition of Mineral Water (Bottled Water) Produced Near Mt. Baekdu (Changbai), Northeast China

Abstract

Two kinds of bottled mineral water from wells located in the northern (Baeksansu, BSS) and southern (Baekdusansu, BDS) areas near Mt. Baekdu (Changbai) were collected in order to monitor the chemical compositions of the groundwater near a potential volcanic area. The bottled water was produced between August 2014 and June 2017, and corresponds to the Na-HCO3 water type. The trend in variation of each chemical component between the two bottled waters was different. The BDS bottled water from the southern area of Mt. Baekdu showed a dramatic change in chemical composition during the study period, whereas the BSS bottled water from the northern area did not show any significant change in chemical composition. In particular, the BDS bottled water showed either systematic increases or decreases of chemical components relative to the Cl concentrations. However, the BSS bottled water did not show such trends. It was confirmed that the chemical composition in the groundwater was constant, even though the monitoring period lasted for about two years. Our data indicate that it may be possible to use the chemical composition of the bottle water produced from the groundwater in the volcanic area as a proxy for monitoring the geochemical environmental change of the groundwater aquifer.

Tracing the geographical origin of bottled water collected in South Korea via isotopic and elemental analyses

“…Baekdu water samples, where the altitude and latitude are higher than those of the other inland regions of South Korea, the rainfall with lighter composition penetrates the aquifer, resulting in a particularly low ratio of −13.7‰. Lee et al (2021) also obtained the δ 18 O value in the range of −14.2 to −13.3‰, which is similar to that obtained in our study 4 . According to Kim et al (2013), the δ 18 O ratio of the still water brand in South Korea was in the range of −15.71 to −6.39‰, and the value for seawater ranged from −1.7 to 0.1‰ 8 .…”

“…Lee et al (2021) also obtained the δ 18 O value in the range of À14.2 to À13.3‰, which is similar to that obtained in our study. 4 According to Kim et al (2013), the δ 18 O ratio of the still water brand in South Korea was in the range of À15.71 to À6.39‰, and the value for seawater ranged from À1.7 to 0.1‰. 8 These results suggest that for terrestrial water (groundwater, stream water, and tap water), the δ 18 O ratios of the water samples are in the range of À10.3 to À5.34‰, which is consistent with the range of the values measured in the water samples from Jeju inland (Samdasoo) and the inland of the Korean Peninsula.…”

“…3 In previous geochemical studies conducted in South Korea, Germany, Estonia, Slovenia, Italy, Hungary, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the characterization of water source areas was performed, and geological characteristics, including groundwater composition, were investigated using the isotopes and chemical analyses of bottled water. [4][5][6][7][8] The isotopic compositions of oxygen (δ 18 O) and hydrogen (δD) have widely been used in studies related to altitude, evaporation, latitude, precipitation, and groundwater recharge in the source areas of bottled water. 9 Research has also been conducted to trace the geographical origin of drinking water and biological samples such as hair.…”

“…In 2020, bottled water consumption in the United States increased by over 44% compared to that in 2010 and by 4.2% compared to the previous year (International Bottled Water Association: http://www.bottledwater.org). 3 In previous geochemical studies conducted in South Korea, Germany, Estonia, Slovenia, Italy, Hungary, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the characterization of water source areas was performed, and geological characteristics, including groundwater composition, were investigated using the isotopes and chemical analyses of bottled water 4–8 . The isotopic compositions of oxygen (δ 18 O) and hydrogen (δD) have widely been used in studies related to altitude, evaporation, latitude, precipitation, and groundwater recharge in the source areas of bottled water 9 .…”

Determination of Sr–Nd–Pb Isotopic Ratios of Rock Reference Materials Using Column Separation Techniques and TIMS

“…Thus, the precise determination of Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios is essential to understanding crustal reworking and growth. In addition, the importance of isotope analyses has been noted in a wide range of fields, such as environmental science, biology, archaeology, food traceability, and forensic investigations [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In particular, Pb isotopes, sometimes combined with Sr and Nd isotopes, have been used to effectively trace environmental metal pollution sources.…”