The production of bottled water requires a forensic discriminant technique that enables the identification of the brands or accidents caused by intended contaminants. The bottled water poisoning crimes have drawn much attention, and such crimes may recur in the future. The water is colorless and odorless, and thus it is difficult to detect contaminated water through visual observation. Thus, bottled water can be easily exploited for poisoning, and a method for tracing their origin is currently required.Methods: In this study, a total of 27 brands of bottled water samples were analyzed to determine stable oxygen isotopes, strontium isotopes, major and trace elements. The geographical origin of the water was traced based on the climatic and geographical characteristics of the location from where water was sourced, which was assumed to be reflected in the bottled water. Furthermore, we investigated whether this method can be applied to identify bottled water products.
Results:The results demonstrated that the characteristics of the bottled water, including the oxygen stable isotope ratios, reflect the latitude and altitude of bottled water source in South Korea, from the high-latitude region to the coastal regions. In addition, the results indicated that excellent discrimination was achieved using strontium isotopes to identify source areas with different types of bedrock, complex underlying lithologies, and ocean areas in South Korea. A statistical method based on discriminant analysis was applied to measure trace elements, and the results effectively reflected the characteristics of water-rock interactions (cross-validated classification probability: ≥92%).Conclusions: These data suggest that the geographical characteristics of the source area are well reflected in commercial bottled water in South Korea. The proposed analytical methods can be utilized to trace the geographical origin of different bottled water samples and identify bottled water products used in poisoning crimes.
Seaweeds contain potentially good nutrients along with sources of protein, carbohydrates, fibers, minerals and vitamins, and have low lipid content. Among them, E. cottonii is a potential and interesting new It is known to be a source of natural materials.In this study, the characteristics, physical properties and functional evaluation of E. cottonii were compared and studied. Moisture content was highest in G.E and high in non roasted samples. Crude protein content was the highest in C.S.E and high in non roasted samples. The content of ash was highest in R.G.E and it was generally higher in the samples grown. The crude fat content was the highest in R.C.S.E and it was measured higher in the cultured and treated samples. The total carbohydrate content of R.G.E and R.C.S.E was higher than that of roasted carbohydrate. The yield of carrageenan was the highest in R.C.S.E and it was high in cultured and treated samples. The physical properties of Carrageenan were generally higher in G.E. Leucine was the essential amino acid and glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the most essential amino acids. The content of K was the highest in the mineral contents, Fe and P were significantly lower than the other values, and the content of Se was not found. The electron donating ability was the highest value of water extracted samples. Among them, C.S.E and R.C.S.E were the highest. ABTs radical scavenging activity was the highest value of 80% ethanol extracted and R.C.S.E was the highest. SOD‐liked activit was highest in 80% ethanol and R.C.S.E was the highest. Reducing power activity showed no significant difference between the samples. Total phenolic acid content also showed no significant difference among the samples. Total flavonoid content was highest in water samples and G.E was the highest.Support or Funding InformationAs a result of this study, the samples treated with the culture solution were measured at higher values. The yield of Carrageenan was close to 20% in R.C.S.E and as a result, carrageenan contained in E. cottonii was found to be able to obtain optimal yields in the future through the use of gelling agents, thickeners, stabilizers, surfactants, And the like. In addition, E. Cottonii is expected to be used as a natural antioxidant.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
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