Hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-butanediol over Re–Ru bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous carbon

Insights into the Oxidation State and Location of Rhenium in Re‐Pd/TiO2 Catalysts for Aqueous‐Phase Selective Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid to 1,4‐Butanediol as a Function of Palladium and Rhenium Deposition Methods

“…[18][19][20] Monometallic Pd catalysts were totally unselective to BDO and produced mostly GBL. [14,20] As an example, characterizations of as eries of Re-Ru catalysts supported on mesoporouscarbon (MC) after incipient wetness coimpregnation of metal precursors in acetone showedt he formation of aR e-Ru miscible phase during the reduction process at 500 8C. We have also observed the effects of the method of preparation of the Pd catalyst, by the method of introduction of the Re precursor over the monometallic Pd catalyst, and by the Re loading.…”

“…[5] It can be converted readily by catalytic hydrogenation to other important bulk chemicals, such as 1,4-butanediol (BDO),T HF, and g-butyrolactone (GBL;S cheme 1). [14] However,t here are few examples of the hydrogenation of SUC in an aqueouss olution, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] an important medium in the conversion of compounds obtained from renewable resources Scheme1.Catalytic hydrogenation of SUC to BDO. The most frequently used active and selectivec atalysts for this reactionc omprise an oblem etal in combination with another metal such as Re or Sn.…”

“…[21] If only Re was present, no reactionw as observed in water.I nt urn, bimetallic catalysts that combine both metals, namely,R ed eposited on Pd catalysts, have demonstrated the possibility to tune the reaction selectivity towards BDO. [14] The reducibility,m etal dispersion, and oxidation state were influenced strongly by the Re/Ru molar ratio. The results indicated that the catalysts prepared by as imple successive impregnation method( SI) required as ignificantly highera mount of Re compared with the catalysts prepared by catalytic reduction deposition (CR) to obtain ah igh yield of BDO.…”

A review of progress in (bio)catalytic routes from/to renewable succinic acid

“…Kang et al . conducted several studies on catalytic BDO and GBL production from SA in dioxane . In 2014, they tested Re‐Cu‐mesoporous carbon composite catalysts prepared by a single‐step surfactant‐templating method (Table , entry 1).…”

“…They found that metallic Cu and Re effectively interacted with the mesoporous carbon (MC) framework by an electron transfer effect and presented smaller catalyst sites resulting in more effective GBL and BDO production, compared to Re/Cu supported on MC (entries 2–4) . In 2015 they tested several Re‐Ru bimetallic catalysts (entries 5–9) and observed that a 1:1 molar ratio of these metals lead to the highest BDO yield (entry 7) while keeping excellent activity after several recycle runs . More recently they developed a similar 1:1 Re‐Ru catalyst supported on boron‐modified mesoporous carbon (BMC) (entries 10–14).…”