Hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines on metal-supported catalysts: Highly selective conversion of butyronitrile to n-butylamine

Production of Butylamine in the Gas Phase Hydrogenation of Butyronitrile over Pd/SiO2 and Ba-Pd/SiO2

“…It is important to note that in previous reports, reaction over Ni delivered higher activity and primary amine selectivity than Pd in liquid phase nitrile hydrogenation. 6,16 Authors have achieved an order of magnitude higher rate over Ba-Pd/SiO 2 with full selectivity to the target butylamine when compared with reported gas phase continuous reaction over supported Ni under similar reaction conditions (T ¼ 493 K, 1 atm). 10 Our results demonstrate that the combination of an alkaline earth metal (Ba) with Pd facilitates enhanced cleaner primary amine production.…”

“…4 -8 A range of supported transition metal (Ru, 5,9 Ni, 4,10 -12 Co, 8,13,14 Rh, 5 Cu, 6 Pd, 5,15 and Pt 5,15 ) catalysts has been used, where Ru, Ni, and Co favored primary amine formation, Rh and Cu generated the secondary amine, and Pd and Pt promoted amine mixtures. 2 There is evidence that reaction rate is dependent on the catalytic metal where the following sequence of decreasing activity has been reported in batch liquid phase hydrogenation of butyronitrile over SiO 2 supported catalysts: 16 Ni . Co .…”

Impact of solvent on Co/SiO2 activity and selectivity for the synthesis of n-butylamine from butyronitrile hydrogenation

“…The selective formation of primary amines from nitrile hydrogenation on metals would occur via nitrile intermediates [12,[14][15][16]. There is a general agreement that skeletal and supported Co and Ni catalysts are particularly suitable to yield primary amines [15,[17][18][19].…”

Chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated nitriles to unsaturated primary amines: Conversion of cinnamonitrile on metal-supported catalysts

“…Previous works have reported that C C bonds are more reactive to hydrogenation than the nitrile groups [4,5] and therefore selective C≡N hydrogenation in presence of double bonds is difficult to achieve, in particular when both unsaturated groups are conjugated or in close proximity [6]. Most of the few papers dealing with the hydrogenation of unsaturated nitriles on solid catalysts have been carried out on Ni and Co-based catalysts [4,5,7,8], probably because both metals are highly active and selective to obtain saturated primary amines from the corresponding saturated nitrile [9][10][11]. However, in the case of unsaturated nitriles, Raney Ni and Co catalysts promote the preferential hydrogenation to the corresponding saturated nitrile rather than to the unsaturated primary amine [3].…”