Hydrogenated Oxide Material for Self‐Targeting and Automatic‐Degrading Photothermal Tumor Therapy in the NIR‐II Bio‐Window

Abstract

Developing photothermal agents (PTAs) for tumor therapy has three prerequisites: selectively targeting tumors, efficiently converting near-infrared (NIR) photoenergy to heat, and degrading after the cure. These make up a combination rarely found in one material. Here a metal-acid treatment is reported to hydrogenate metal oxide, bestowing the produced H x MoO 3 with metal-like electronic structure which enables harvesting NIR-II light (1000−1350 nm wavelength). Importantly, created by putting acid protons into oxide, the H x MoO 3 nanomaterial can resist attacking from protons in acids but is vulnerable to hydroxyl ions in alkaline. After entering biological organism, H x MoO 3 PTAs persist long in acidic tumor microenvironment (TME, extracellular pH 6.5-6.9) while degrade quickly under the normal physiological environment (pH 7.2−7.4), naturally causing tumor-selective accumulation. Under 1064 nm NIR-II illumination, the H x MoO 3 achieves a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 60.9%, leading to a high tumor inhibition rate of ≈97.25%. Such a novel PTAs integrates merits of metal and oxide, opening a door of smart photothermal therapy with self-adaptive tumor-accumulation and automatic degradation after tumor hyperthermia.

Tumor Response and NIR‐II Photonic Thermal Co‐Enhanced Catalytic Therapy Based on Single‐Atom Manganese Nanozyme

“…[30] PTT, as a new tumor treatment method with simple operation procedures, strong spatiotemporal selectivity, high therapeutic specificity, good tumor inhibition effect, and no damage to the surrounding healthy tissue, is playing an increasingly important role in tumor treatment. [31] PTT can absorb near-infrared (NIR) light including NIR-I (700-900 nm) and NIR-II (1000-1700 nm), which gets converted into heat energy to kill tumor cells using photothermal agents (PTAs). [32] Liu et al designed PEGylated Mn-based SAzymes using a coordination strategy between Mn 2+ and N atoms in hollow ZIF-8 frameworks.…”

Hydrogenated Molybdenum Oxide Overlayers Formed on Mo Nitride Nanosheets in Ambient-Pressure CO2/H2 Gases

“…The Mo 3d signals present a similar change on the MoN/Al 2 O 3 (0001) surface in CO 2 + H 2 as MoN/Au (Figure S11). All XPS results in combination with Raman data confirm that hydrogenated molybdenum oxide layers form on the MoN catalyst in CO 2 + H 2 …”

Molybdenum‐Based Nanomaterials for Photothermal Cancer Therapy

“…Recently, the low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of Mo-NMs, especially molybdenum oxides have been proved by preliminary biosafety evaluation due to their biodegradability. [68,107,170,224,225] For example, Yu et al reported that the Fe-doped MoO x nanoparticles displayed excellent biocompatibility, which was demonstrated by the normal blood biochemical indices and organ histological analysis of mice treated by Fe-MoO x at different time intervals. No obvious toxicity and other adverse effects at certain time (2 weeks) were found, suggesting the excellent biosafety of Fe-MoO x nanoparticles (Figure 12A).…”