Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetes-Related Diseases

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays important roles in protein synthesis, protein folding and modification, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, and detoxification. ER homeostasis is destroyed by physiological and pharmacological stressors, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which causes ER stress. More and more studies have shown that ER stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as diabetes, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. As a toxic gas, H2S has, in recent years, been considered the third most important gas signal molecule after NO and CO. H2S has been found to have many important physiological functions and to play an important role in many pathological and physiological processes. Recent evidence shows that H2S improves the body’s defenses to many diseases, including diabetes, by regulating ER stress, but its mechanism has not yet been fully understood. We therefore reviewed recent studies of the role of H2S in improving diabetes-related diseases by regulating ER stress and carefully analyzed its mechanism in order to provide a theoretical reference for future research.

Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Donors: Keys to Unlock the Chains of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Mice treated with HFD generated a higher level of p-mTOR than those fed with a normal chow diet (NCD). In contrast, treatment with H 2 S reduced the phosphorylation and thus inhibited mTOR activation [ 105 ]. NaHS could decrease serum TG levels of HFD mice, which could be reversed via treatment with chloroquine (CQ), a well-known inhibitor of autophagy [ 106 ].…”

An endoplasmic reticulum-targeted fluorescent probe for ratiometric tracking of endogenous SO2 derivatives

“…An organic fluorescent probe was developed as one of the most efficient methods to trace the levels of HSO 3 − /SO 3 2− in living cells due to their many desirable advantages, including non-invasiveness, excellent spatiotemporal resolution, low detection limit, high accuracy and selectivity. 14,15 In particular, ratiometric fluorescence probes can efficiently eliminate the interferences derived from instruments, conditions and experimental operations, which ensures the precise detection of HSO 3 − /SO 3 2− . 16–19 Recently, the design mechanisms for functional fluorescent probes have been mainly based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), 20–23 through-bond energy transfer (TBET), 24,25 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), 26,27 photo-induced electron transfer (PET) 28,29 and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT).…”

A highly selective and sensitive endoplasmic reticulum-targeted probe reveals HOCl- and cisplatin-induced H2S biogenesis in live cells

“…21 As an important cellular organelle in eukaryotes, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an essential role in protein synthesis, folding, distribution, and calcium ion storage, 22 while ER stress is related to many human diseases. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Recent studies suggest that H 2 S could be involved in the regulation of ER stress, 7,[31][32][33] but the mechanism is largely unknown. To detect the ER H 2 S, the methyl sulfonamide group 34 and the nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) amine 35,36 have been employed as the ER-targeted moiety and the H 2 S receptor, respectively.…”