Hydrogen sulfide: A novel component in Arabidopsis peroxisomes which triggers catalase inhibition

Abstract

Plant peroxisomes have the capacity to generate different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), such as H 2 O 2 , superoxide radical (O 2 Á À ), nitric oxide and peroxynitrite (ONOO -). These organelles have an active nitrooxidative metabolism which can be exacerbated by adverse stress conditions. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a new signaling gasotransmitter which can mediate the posttranslational modification (PTM) persulfidation. We used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic seedlings expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) fused to a canonical peroxisome targeting signal 1 (PTS1) to visualize peroxisomes in living cells, as well as a specific fluorescent probe which showed that peroxisomes contain H 2 S. H 2 S was also detected in chloroplasts under glyphosate-induced oxidative stress conditions. Peroxisomal enzyme activities, including catalase, photorespiratory H 2 O 2 -generating glycolate oxidase (GOX) and hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), were assayed in vitro with a H 2 S donor. In line with the persulfidation of this enzyme, catalase activity declined significantly in the presence of the H 2 S donor. To corroborate the inhibitory effect of H 2 S on catalase activity, we also assayed pure catalase from bovine liver and pepper fruit-enriched samples, in which catalase activity was inhibited. Taken together, these data provide evidence of the presence of H 2 S in plant peroxisomes which appears to regulate catalase activity and, consequently, the peroxisomal H 2 O 2 metabolism. . In plant systems, several enzymes are capable of generating H 2 S, which is part of the cysteine (Cys) metabolism. These enzymes, including L-and D-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES/D-DES), sulfite reductase (SiR), cyano alanine synthase (CAS) and cysteine synthase (CS) (Li et al. 2013; Calderwood and Kopriva 2014; Hancock and Whiteman 2014), are present in different subcellular compartments, such as cytosol, chloroplasts

Inhibition of NADP‐malic enzyme activity by H2S and NO in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits

“…These observations are also supported by in vitro biochemical assays in Arabidopsis using H 2 S donors. Thus, it has been shown that H 2 S positively regulates ascorbate peroxidase activity (Aroca et al ) but exerts an inhibitory effect on catalase activity (Corpas et al ). A recent proteomic study of A. thaliana leaves reported that both NADP‐ICDH and NADP‐ME are targets of persulfidation (Aroca et al ) [which is a posttranslational protein modification, similar to protein S ‐nitrosation (Cys‐SNO), mediated by H 2 S that affects thiol groups (Cys‐SSH)].…”

Peroxisomes: versatile organelles with diverse roles in plants

“…The presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was confirmed biochemically in various species (reviewed in Corpas et al, 2017), and a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (CSD3) was identified in multiple Arabidopsis peroxisome proteomic studies (reviewed in . Peroxisomes also generate RNS under stress conditions such as excess Cd, and probably reactive sulfur species (RSS) as well (Corpas & Barroso, 2014;Corpas et al, 2019a). Proteome analysis showed that numerous peroxisomal proteins are S-nitrosylated or nitrated, implying that RNS has a role in peroxisomal function (Sandalio & Romero-Puertas, 2015).…”

Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H2O2 metabolism

“…All these data point out the complexity of plant peroxisomal metabolism which seems to be much more intricate than expected, as well as new functions for peroxisomes in the connection with different subcellular compartments. In this sense, very recent data obtained in our laboratory indicated that plant peroxisomes also contain the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) which is a catalase inhibitor (Corpas et al ), and raised new questions on the potential physiological function of H 2 S in the metabolism of plant peroxisomes.…”