Hydrogen production with sea water electrolysis using Norwegian offshore wind energy potentials

Abstract

This study looks into possibilities of hydrogen production on an offshore platform in Norway, to capitalize Norway's offshore wind potential matching political goals to reduce emissions and make Norway's transportation sector cleaner. The potential power output of a hypothetical offshore wind farm has been assessed using real operating data of other wind farms. The usable electricity was between 258GWh year and 404 GWh year segmented into three scenarios. Solid oxide electrolysis cell and proton exchange membrane electrolysis are compared. Their function and the necessary technologies to operate them are described in detail. Based on these scenarios the annual hydrogen production was calculated with values between 1530 and 8020 tons per year. The second part of the study estimates the investment to find the production cost per kilogram hydrogen, which was compared to recent fuel prices in Norway to see whether the production of hydrogen was profitable. Prices vary between 5.20 € and 106.10 € per kg hydrogen.

Maximum Production Point Tracking of a High-Temperature Power-to-Gas System: A Dynamic-Model-Based Study

“…Here, we simply employ a first-order delay of τ cvt to model the rapid control of active and reactive components of the gridside current, I P and I Q , which can be realized with classic decoupled dq-current control loops and the phase-locked loop of grid voltage [23], [24]. Then, the converter's reactive output , * , , [20], [12], [21] and [22]).…”

“…5. 4) Compressor: According to [22], the compressor's energy consumption P com can be modeled by multiplying the molar flow of the output H 2 and the logarithm of the compression ratio ln pcom pout , considering its isothermal efficiency η com .…”

Synergies in offshore wind and oil industry for carbon capture and utilization

“…In an offshore energy scenario, the power to drive the electrolyzers comes from the offshore wind farms. In order to address the power transmission issues over large offshore distances, the published literature cites options for conversion of offshore wind power to hydrogen. Hydrogen can then be transported to onshore consumers through submarine pipelines, liquefied hydrogen carriers, or other shipping vessels.…”

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“…This hydrogen could be imported at demand centers instead of being produced and stored on-site. Several ideas already exist, for example, producing hydrogen (far) offshore [159] from fixed or floating wind [32,[160][161][162] and solar structures [163,164], or wave energy [165] and bringing the hydrogen onshore via existing natural gas or newly built pipelines [32] or ships [166,167]. The onshore pipeline network would then distribute the hydrogen to the consumers.…”