Hydrogen production from water by thermochemical cycles; a 1977 update

Bamberger, C.E.

doi:10.1016/0011-2275(78)90178-9

Cited by 68 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…'Low-temperature' cycles, originally developed for use in combination with nuclear energy [60][61][62][63], have been extended for the application of solar energy. The adiabatic UT-3 cycle, the SulfurIodine (SI) and the Hybrigd-Iodine (HI) cycle receive much attention in the literature [64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Thermochemical Cycles Under Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Mul¹,

Schacht²,

Swaaij³

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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a b s t r a c tThis paper provides a perspective on the technologies capable of converting solar energy, CO 2 and H 2 O into an easy to use fuel. The paper addresses bio-based approaches, but mainly focuses on (i) the combination of photovoltaic (PV) devices and electrocatalysis, (ii) single unit operation by photocatalytic conversion, and (iii) solar thermal conversion. Each option is described in a general manner, including a brief evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. Also suggestions for future research endeavours are given. Based on the used literature data, for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic technologies, dramatic improvements should be made in material optimization, as well as reactor design and operation. Large efficiency gains are necessary to enable use of these technologies in practice. Solar thermal conversion is more mature, and requires specific optimization in processing, as will be discussed.

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Section: Thermochemical Cycles Under Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Mul¹,

Schacht²,

Swaaij³

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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“…However, most currently existing thermochemical hydrogen production cycles require a temperature of higher than 500°C [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], which cannot be satisfied by current largescale nuclear reactors, although potentially can be satisfied by future generation nuclear reactors (i.e., Gen-IV reactors) [11,12]. Table 3 lists some typical hybrid fully thermal and thermal chemical hydrogen production cycles other than the aforementioned Cu-Cl cycle.…”

Section: Solar Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids and solids in a Cu–Cl solar hydrogen cycle

Avsec

Wang

Naterer

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Sustainable methods of clean fuel production are needed in the face of depleting oil reserves and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The technology of fuel cells for electricity production or the transport sector is already developed. However, a key missing element is a large-scale economical method of hydrogen production. The Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle is a promising thermochemical cycle to produce hydrogen. This paper focuses on a copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle and solar hydrogen production technology and describes the models how to calculate thermodynamic and transport properties. This paper discusses the mathematical model for computing the thermodynamic properties for pure substances and their mixtures such as CuCl in the solid phase with an aid of statistical thermodynamics and kinetic theory. The developed mathematical model takes into account vibrations of atoms in molecules and intermolecular forces. This mathematical model can be used for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of polyatomic crystals on the basis of the Einstein and Debye equations. We developed the model in the lowtemperature and high-temperature region. All analytical data are compared with experimental results, and these show good agreement. For the transport properties, we have used kinetic theory. For fluid phase, we have calculated viscosity and thermal conductivity on the basis of the Chung-LeeStarling kinetic model; for the solid phase, we have developed a model for calculations of thermal conductivity on the basis of electron and phonon contributions.

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“…The obtained gases can be either used directly as a fuel or further processed in a Fischer-Tropsch plant to generate synthetic hydrocarbons. Many thermochemical cycles have been investigated and evaluated in the past [1][2][3][4]. The cycle which is subject to most research activities in this area today is the two-step cycle based on a redox reaction as follows [5]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MO x´δ`C O 2 Ñ MO x`δ CO (2) MO x´δ`H2 O Ñ MO x`δ H 2 (3) Several thermodynamic evaluations of these cycles, especially the water-splitting cycle have been conducted [6][7][8][9]. In our group, we intend to revive the thermodynamic analysis of these cycles in a different way, based on vivid graphical representation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy Analysis of Solar Two-Step Thermochemical Cycles for Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting

Lange

Roeb

Sattler

et al. 2016

Entropy

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Abstract:The present study provides a thermodynamic analysis of solar thermochemical cycles for splitting of H 2 O or CO 2 . Such cycles, powered by concentrated solar energy, have the potential to produce fuels in a sustainable way. We extend a previous study on the thermodynamics of water splitting by also taking into account CO 2 splitting and the influence of the solar absorption efficiency. Based on this purely thermodynamic approach, efficiency trends are discussed. The comprehensive and vivid representation in T-S diagrams provides researchers in this field with the required theoretical background to improve process development. Furthermore, results about the required entropy change in the used redox materials can be used as a guideline for material developers. The results show that CO 2 splitting is advantageous at higher temperature levels, while water splitting is more feasible at lower temperature levels, as it benefits from a great entropy change during the splitting step.

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Hydrogen production from water by thermochemical cycles; a 1977 update

Cited by 68 publications

References 5 publications

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Functioning devices for solar to fuel conversion

Thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids and solids in a Cu–Cl solar hydrogen cycle

Entropy Analysis of Solar Two-Step Thermochemical Cycles for Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting

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