Hydrogen production from methanol reforming in microwave “tornado”-type plasma

Decomposition of methane hydrate for hydrogen production using microwave and radio frequency in-liquid plasma methods

“…Methane hydrate was then decomposed by the plasma into the product gases which were hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) as the main products, and carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), carbon (C), and hydrocarbon (C x H y ) as byproducts [2], the same composition was also reported by Nomura et al [3].…”

“…The total of energy yield of hydrogen combustion is greater than that of any other fuel [1,2]. Consequently, intense research has been conducted on hydrogen production as an energy source with a variety of methods being proposed such as water electrolysis [3], steam reforming for fossil fuels [3,4], ethanol and methanol reforming [2,5], clathrate hydrate reforming [6], multi-generation energy production system [4,7], conversion of hydrocarbons by microwave plasma or conventional microwave oven [8e10], radio frequency plasma stimulation [11], just to name a few. Furthermore, Methane hydrate is increasingly becoming one of the more promising energy resources due to its abundance [12], and potential role in mitigating global climate change [13,14].…”

“…In-liquid plasma has been employed in the decomposition of waste oils or hydrocarbon liquids during which the useful by-products, hydrogen gas and carbon particles are generated simultaneously [9]. MW plasma, which can be generated using commercial microwave ovens, is commonly used in diamond depositions and IC manufacturing and has the advantages of simple and low-priced operation, high plasma density and high electron mean energy [2,21]. When 2.45 GHz of microwave plasma is generated in a hydrocarbon liquid, hydrogen gas with a purity of 66%e80% can be produced, which means that the energy efficiency of hydrogen production with this method is estimated to be 56% over that by electrolysis of alkaline water for the same power consumption [9,22].…”

Plasma‐Based Production of Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons

“…A microwave (2.45 GHz) "tornado"-type plasma with a high-speed tangential gas injection at atmospheric pressure conditions was used for methanol reforming to syngas [30]. The hydrogen production rate dependence on the partial methanol flux was investigated both in Ar and Ar + water plasma environments.…”

“…Schematic diagram for a microwave (2.45 GHz) "tornado"-type plasma apparatus with a high-speed tangential gas injection for methanol reforming to syngas[30].…”