Hydrogen production during zinc deposition from alkaline zincate solutions

Einerhand, R. E. F.; Visscher, Whm Wil; Barendrecht, E Embrecht

doi:10.1007/bf01016034

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…HER results in water electrolysis and increases the internal pressure of the cell. This side reaction decreases the durability of a zinc–air battery generating hydrogen gas, reaction ;

normalZ normaln + 2 H_{2} normalO \to normalZ normaln {(O H)}_{2} + ↑ H_{2}

…”

Section: Hydrogen Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline aqueous electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries: an overview

Mainar

Leonet

Bengoechea

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

250

192

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Summary New applications and emerging markets in electromobility and large‐scale stationary energy storage require the development of new electrochemical systems with higher energy density than current batteries. Rechargeable metal–air batteries, mainly lithium–air and zinc–air systems, are considered one of the most promising candidates. In contrast to lithium, zinc is abundant, inexpensive and its electrodeposition in aqueous electrolytes is relatively easy. Unfortunately, achieving a rechargeable zinc–air battery is still hindered by various technical problems related to the reversibility and lifetime of the electrodes. The most widely used electrolyte in zinc–air batteries has been the classical aqueous alkaline. In this context and with the main objective of providing a complete overview, we studied a wide number of articles starting from the beginning of the development of secondary zinc–air batteries (1970–1980s) to more recent works, with the aim of compiling all available information. It is essential to revise older papers to find relevant information that may get otherwise forgotten and not taken into account to develop new solutions. This information could also be applied in other storage systems based on zinc as nickel–zinc, zinc hybrid or zinc‐ion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…HER results in water electrolysis and increases the internal pressure of the cell. This side reaction decreases the durability of a zinc–air battery generating hydrogen gas, reaction ;

normalZ normaln + 2 H_{2} normalO \to normalZ normaln {(O H)}_{2} + ↑ H_{2}

…”

Section: Hydrogen Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline aqueous electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries: an overview

Mainar

Leonet

Bengoechea

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

250

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There have been several fundamental efforts to understand the behavior of the zincate ion in an alkaline electrolyte [ 3 , 135-138 ] and also to understand the electrodeposition of the zincate ion. [139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147] Dirkse suggested that Zn(OH) 4 2 or polynuclear species may exist in supersaturated zincate solutions and that the existence of these species depends on the availability of OH − and free H 2 O molecules in the electrolyte. [ 137 ] Peng studied the mechanism of zinc electroplating and suggested that Zn(OH) 2 became Zn(OH) ad by gaining one electron and then Zn(OH) ad was reduced to Zn by gaining a second electron.…”

Section: Anode: Zinc Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 141 ] Einerhand et al used a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) to determine the amount of hydrogen produced from the electrodeposition of zinc in alkaline solution and showed that hydrogen evolution increased with decreasing concentration of KOH and zincate. [ 144 ] …”

Section: Anode: Zinc Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

Lee

Kim

Cao

et al. 2010

Advanced Energy Materials

2,012

1,216

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In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the fi eld of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not suffi cient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal-air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li-air and Zn-air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li-air and Zn-air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems.

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“…ZnO solubility increases with increase in KOH concentration up to 30%, leading to the formation of supersaturated electrolyte, then decreases at KOH concentrations between 30 and 50% (Fig.10). The rate of hydrogen evolution in zincate solutions was studied at different current densities ranging from 20 to 500 A/m 2 and at different zincate concentrations [116]. The results permitted to conclude that: (i) the type of the electrode (materials, binders and additives) determines the hydrogen evolution rate; (ii) the hydrogen evolution mainly results from zinc electrode corrosion, (iii) the hydrogen evolution rate is higher at higher current densities or at lower KOH (or zincate) concentrations [116].…”

Section: Zinc Deposition and Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of hydrogen evolution in zincate solutions was studied at different current densities ranging from 20 to 500 A/m 2 and at different zincate concentrations [116]. The results permitted to conclude that: (i) the type of the electrode (materials, binders and additives) determines the hydrogen evolution rate; (ii) the hydrogen evolution mainly results from zinc electrode corrosion, (iii) the hydrogen evolution rate is higher at higher current densities or at lower KOH (or zincate) concentrations [116]. Further studies based on the gasometric method [30] showed that increasing ZnO content in zincate solutions significantly lowered the hydrogen evolution rate.…”

Section: Zinc Deposition and Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc regeneration in rechargeable zinc-air fuel cells—A review

Zhu

Wilkinson

Zhang

et al. 2016

Journal of Energy Storage

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Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) present a promising energy source with a competing potential with the lithium-ion battery and even with proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for applications in next generation electrified transport and energy storage. The regeneration of zinc is essential for developing the next-generation, i.e., electrochemically rechargeable ZAFCs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view on both theoretical and industrial platforms already built hitherto, with focus on electrode materials, electrode and electrolyte additives, solution chemistry, zinc deposition reaction mechanisms and kinetics, and electrochemical zinc regeneration systems. The related technological challenges and their possible solutions are described and discussed.A summary of important R&D patents published within the recent 10 years is also presented. * Corresponding authors. Email: xinge.zhang@ nrc-cnrc.gc.ca (X. Zhang); skulinich@tokai-u.jp (S.A. Kulinich)

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Hydrogen production during zinc deposition from alkaline zincate solutions

Cited by 51 publications

References 13 publications

Alkaline aqueous electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries: an overview

Alkaline aqueous electrolytes for secondary zinc-air batteries: an overview

Metal–Air Batteries with High Energy Density: Li–Air versus Zn–Air

Zinc regeneration in rechargeable zinc-air fuel cells—A review

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