Hydrogen-induced degradation of PMN-based relaxor ferroelectrics during nickel electroplating

Cao, Jiang; Li, Long Tu; Wang, Yong Li; Zhao, Jun; Gui, Zhi Lun

doi:10.1016/s0025-5408(01)00697-3

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Pb metal may appear as a result of the reduction of Pb 2+ ions to Pb 0 during etching in the acetic acid. Similar sets of two Pb 4f doublets were observed for PMN and PZT thin films [30,31,[37][38][39][40]. These four samples are fragile and micro-cracks during the cooling from crystallization process might be formed.…”

Section: Photoemission Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…As stated in [26]: 'core-level x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy probes the local potentials at lattice sites in a solid and so should be able to provide information on both the conditionally averaged site potentials in a disordered alloy and fluctuations about those averages'. Up to now the systematic XPS studies of PMN-PT solid solutions have not been reported and only a few papers concerned mainly with pure PMN are available [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–xPbTiO₃single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Kania¹,

Talik²,

Kruczek³

et al. 2005

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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The (1− x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–xPbTiO3 ((1− x)PMN –xPT) single crystals with x equal to 0, 0.22, 0.28, 0.32, 0.37, 0.47, 0.69 and 1 were studied by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction results reveal that with increase of Ti content the crystal symmetry changes from pseudo-cubic, characteristic for PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN), to rhombohedral, then to monoclinic at the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) region and finally to tetragonal, specific for PbTiO3 (PT). High-resolution core level spectra of the Pb 4f, O 1s, Nb 3d and Ti 2p states show that the bulk of the (1− x)PMN –xPT crystals, except PbTiO3 where Pb2+ and Pb4+ were detected, is characterized by only one chemical state for each element. However, in the case of the Pb and O spectra, apart from the main lines attributed to the lattice states, the satellite lines related to the surface states were also observed. The evolution of the lattice components of all core level spectra points to regular concentration dependence of the full width at half maximum (FWHM). With the rise of the Ti content the FWHMs increase and reach maxima for the MPB region, then decrease and achieve the smallest values for the pure PT. This characteristic FWHM behaviour points to disorder as an origin of the core level line broadening and it is discussed within the framework of the random field model. The FWHM of the Bragg’s reflections show similar concentration behaviour which confirms the existence of the highest structural disorder in (1− x)PMN –xPT system near the MPB.

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Section: Photoemission Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–xPbTiO₃single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Kania¹,

Talik²,

Kruczek³

et al. 2005

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…The spectra were well in accordance with a single Gaussian component. 45 These results represent the positive bivalent states of the Pb element. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Pyroelectric catalytic performance of Sm³⁺-modified Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–PbTiO₃ for organic dyes: degradation efficiency, kinetics and pyroelectric catalytic mechanism

Lin,

Ding,

et al. 2023

Dalton Trans.

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“…2,3) The second is plating, and one of the key factors in plating is the overgrowth of plating layers. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] As the literature indicates, such overgrowth is an effect of the low resistance of ceramics caused by the hydrogen ions that are produced during plating, decreasing the surface resistivity of components. Although the issue of component reliability is very important, few papers deal with this issue systematically; thus, in this work, we performed a life test and studied the performance and failure modes of chip inductors to determine the root causes and mechanisms of chip inductor failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance of NiCuZn ferrite chip inductors

Chiang

Chai²,

Chien

et al. 2015

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Plating conditions significantly affect the reliability of components. Matter exchanges between the surface of components and the plating solution often occur during plating process owing to the corrosive characteristics of the latter, and this will lead to the production of excess ions and electrons and, subsequently, to electromigration. Reducing the plating current and shortening the plating time can inhibit the corrosion associated with the plating solution, and thus lengthen the life of components. Another approach is to increase sintering temperature, which can enhance the resistance of the surfaces of components to the plating solution, and thus also increase their lifespan. With regard to the cause of electromigration, the electric field might arise from the interaction between the magnetic field and the joule heat generated by the current load and ambient temperature during the test of the component lifespan.

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Hydrogen-induced degradation of PMN-based relaxor ferroelectrics during nickel electroplating

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–xPbTiO₃single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–xPbTiO₃single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Pyroelectric catalytic performance of Sm³⁺-modified Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–PbTiO₃ for organic dyes: degradation efficiency, kinetics and pyroelectric catalytic mechanism

Endurance of NiCuZn ferrite chip inductors

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Hydrogen-induced degradation of PMN-based relaxor ferroelectrics during nickel electroplating

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–xPbTiO3single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–xPbTiO3single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Pyroelectric catalytic performance of Sm3+-modified Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 for organic dyes: degradation efficiency, kinetics and pyroelectric catalytic mechanism

Endurance of NiCuZn ferrite chip inductors

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Product

Resources

About

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–xPbTiO₃single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Probing structural disorder in (1−x)PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃–xPbTiO₃single crystals by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Pyroelectric catalytic performance of Sm³⁺-modified Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–PbTiO₃ for organic dyes: degradation efficiency, kinetics and pyroelectric catalytic mechanism