Hydrogen Generation from Glucose Depolarized Water Electrolysis

John, Michael R. St.; Furgala, A.J.; Sammells, Anthony F.

doi:10.1149/1.2127576

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The process has been called “anode depolarization”, an obsolete term, in the electrochemical literature. Its effect has been studied using “depolarizers”, such as formic acid, sulfur dioxide, methanol, − glucose, and even coal . However, typically, those studies involved concentrations of the sacrificial reductants higher than are pertinent to the processing of wastewater from the production of fuel precursors, e.g., in hydrothermal liquefaction (Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H₂

et al. 2019

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Oxidizing an organic solute at the anode of an electrolysis cell can enhance the overall cell current, I, by supplementing the applied cell potential by an amount, E boost, the difference in potential required to achieve the observed rate in the presence and absence of the organic. We have found that, when the organic solute is methanol at concentrations, C, corresponding to a chemical oxygen demand of <25 g/L (in the range of that of wastewater or process water from hydrothermal liquefaction), then the effect of the anode-boosting becomes a strong function of the product of C and the cell current, I. Empirically, the boosting follows Hill–Langmuir kinetics, consistent with the cooperativity in the transport of the organic into the double layer of the anode or adsorption on the oxidation site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H₂

et al. 2019

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“…Several papers have studied the reactions of Ge in a LIB. St. John et al reported five distinct two-phase plateaus in the discharge and charge electrochemical profiles of molten salt Ge–Li batteries between 360 and 440 °C and associated these plateaus with the formation of LiGe, Li 9 Ge 4 , Li 16 Ge 5 , Li 15 Ge 4 , and Li 22 Ge 5 , respectively. By analogy with Si, , Ge may follow a different electrochemical lithiation pathway at room temperature, possibly involving the formation of metastable and amorphous phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Local and Long-Range Structural Changes that Occur in Germanium Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2015

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Metallic germanium is a promising anode material in secondary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity (1623 mAh/g) and low operating voltage, coupled with the high lithium-ion diffusivity and electronic conductivity of lithiated Ge. Here, the lithiation mechanism of micron-sized Ge anodes has been investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, and in-/ex-situ high-resolution 7Li solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), utilizing the structural information and spectroscopic fingerprints obtained by characterizing a series of relevant Li x Ge y model compounds. In contrast to previous work, which postulated the formation of Li9Ge4 upon initial lithiation, we show that crystalline Ge first reacts to form a mixture of amorphous and crystalline Li7Ge3 (space group P3212). Although Li7Ge3 was proposed to be stable in a recent theoretical study of the Li–Ge phase diagram (MorrisA. J.GreyC. P.PickardC. J. Morris, A. J. Grey, C. P. Pickard, C. J. 054111Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.201490), it had not been identified in prior experimental studies. Further lithiation results in the transformation of Li7Ge3, via a series of disordered phases with related structural motifs, to form a phase that locally resembles Li7Ge2, a process that involves the gradual breakage of the Ge–Ge bonds in the Ge–Ge dimers (dumbbells) on lithiation. Crystalline Li15Ge4 then grows, with an overlithiated phase, Li15+δGe4, being formed at the end of discharge. This study provides comprehensive experimental evidence, by using techniques that probe short-, medium-, and long-range order, for the structural transformations that occur on electrochemical lithiation of Ge; the results are consistent with corresponding theoretical studies regarding stable lithiated Li x Ge y phases.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] In addition, the slow kinetics of lithium transport have limited the application of these anodes to medium and high temperature cells using molten electrolytes. [6][7][8] Recent investigations into the electrochemical properties of the Li-Si system have demonstrated an improved room temperature cycle life in nanocrystalline and thin film electrodes. 5,[9][10][11][12] An analogous system, Li-Ge, has received little attention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocrystalline and Thin Film Germanium Electrodes with High Lithium Capacity and High Rate Capabilities

Graetz

Ahn

Yazami

et al. 2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

411

403

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Germanium nanocrystals ͑12 nm mean diam͒ and amorphous thin films ͑60-250 nm thick͒ were prepared as anodes for lithium secondary cells. Amorphous thin film electrodes prepared on planar nickel substrates showed stable capacities of 1700 mAh/g over 60 cycles. Germanium nanocrystals showed reversible gravimetric capacities of up to 1400 mAh/g with 60% capacity retention after 50 cycles. Both electrodes were found to be crystalline in the fully lithiated state. The enhanced capacity, rate capability ͑1000C͒, and cycle life of nanophase germanium over bulk crystalline germanium is attributed to the high surface area and short diffusion lengths of the active material and the absence of defects in nanophase materials.

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Hydrogen Generation from Glucose Depolarized Water Electrolysis

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H₂

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H₂

Elucidation of the Local and Long-Range Structural Changes that Occur in Germanium Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanocrystalline and Thin Film Germanium Electrodes with High Lithium Capacity and High Rate Capabilities

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Hydrogen Generation from Glucose Depolarized Water Electrolysis

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H2

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H2

Elucidation of the Local and Long-Range Structural Changes that Occur in Germanium Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanocrystalline and Thin Film Germanium Electrodes with High Lithium Capacity and High Rate Capabilities

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Product

Resources

About

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H₂

Anode-Boosted Electrolysis in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-oils and in the Production of H₂