Hydrogen Gas Sensors Using Palladium Nanogaps on an Elastomeric Substrate

Lee, Hyun‐Sook; Kim, Jeongmin; Moon, Hyungsik Roger; Lee, Wooyoung

doi:10.1002/adma.202005929

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…[33] This kind of sensing mechanism based on reduced nanogaps or increased contact between Pd nanostructures has been widely studied and reported in the literature. [58] When Pd is doped with transition metal atoms of larger size, such as Y or Mo, the FCC lattice of Pd expands and can better accommodate H 2 insertion. Figure S15a,b Information) shows H 2 sensing performance of paper-based PdMoY NS versus Pd NS sensors to different concentrations of H 2 .…”

Section: H 2 Gas Sensing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

Kumar

Zhao

Abraham

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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chemical, [5] gas, humidity, [6] and strain sensing applications. [7,8] Various types of paper-based sensors have been reported, and these can be broadly categorized as optical sensors and electrochemical sensors. Optical sensors include colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence sensors, whereas electrochemical sensors include voltammetrybased, potentiometric, and chemiresistive sensors. [9] Chemiresistive sensors are preferred for gas sensing applications due to their low-cost fabrication, portability, and easy-to-read output. [10] In contrast to paper-based chemical sensors and biosensors that are typically disposable, [11] gas sensors, especially chemiresistive sensors, can be used to reversibly detect gases over extended periods of time. Hence, paper-based chemiresistive sensors are promising as ultra-low-cost chemiresistive sensors for gases such as NO 2 , [12] NH 3 , [13] H 2 S, [14] and H 2 . [15] Such paper-based chemiresistive gas sensors often outperform sensors using other (nonporous) substrates such as silicon or polymers, due to synergistic effects of the flexible porous paper coupled with simplicity of fabrication and use. [16] Hydrogen is a highly explosive gas with a lower explosion limit of 4% in air. It also has high diffusivity through many materials due to its small size, creating challenges in safely storing and transporting it. [17] These limitations are a key factor influencing future development of a H 2 -based energy economy. Hence, even with its obvious advantages such as high energy density, compatibility with efficient fuel cells, and carbon-free combustion products, the role of H 2 as a next generation fuel remains uncertain. [18] The cost of H 2 sensors is a significant factor in widespread adoption of H 2 as a fuel, as such sensors will be required at H 2 production units, distribution units, and in H 2 fuel cell-powered vehicles. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has set cost targets for such H 2 sensors, with an ambitious goal of <$15 per sensor for fuel cellpowered vehicles. [19] This goal for low-cost H 2 sensors could be achieved using paper-based Pd chemiresistive H 2 sensors. Pd can selectively absorb a large amount of H 2 at room temperature and form palladium hydride, PdH x , changing both the volume and resistivity of the Pd. [18] Although the material cost of Pd is higher than most conventional metals, low operating cost and selective room-temperature H 2 detection make 2D palladium nanostructures enable sensitive room-temperature detection of H 2 . However, they can be limited by stability and fabrication costs. Stability may be improved by alloying Pd with other metals, while cost could be reduced by using paper as a substrate. An ultra-low-cost sensor using Pd alloy (PdMoY) nanosheets (NS) on paper is reported. The 2D Pd alloy nanosheets are prepared by a solution-phase route, drop cast onto paper (≈1 × 1 cm) with silver contacts drawn on it, and dried. The same material is deposited on an interdigitated electrode (IDE). Both sensors are teste...

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Section: H 2 Gas Sensing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

Kumar

Zhao

Abraham

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…1–4 However, H 2 leakage is dangerous and not easily detectable since it is colorless and odorless; the damage caused by its explosion cannot be ignored. 5,6 Therefore, it is necessary to carry out real-time monitoring of H 2 concentrations in the environment or equipment. In H 2 -related application fields, such as H 2 storage and separation, fuel cells and industrial processing, it is required to have high sensitivity, high precision, high reliability and low power consumption, which puts forward high requirements for H 2 detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H 2 has a wide flammability range (4-75% in air) and a low ignition energy (0.02 mJ), which can release large amounts of energy [1][2][3][4] . However, H 2 leakage is dangerous not easy to be found since is colorless and odorless, the damage caused by its explosion cannot be ignored 5,6 . Therefore, it is necessary to carry out real-time monitoring of H 2 concentrations in the environment or equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fine single Pd microwire H₂ sensor fabricated by using a femtosecond laser for a wide detection range at room temperature

et al. 2022

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“…With the development of a low-carbon economy (LCE), hydrogen (H 2 ) energy has been widely used in application fields such as H 2 fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To ensure safe usage of H 2 , highly sensitive H 2 sensors with good long-term stability are in high demand. − Featuring remarkable advantages in sensitivity and cost, semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs), such as ZnO materials, have been developed as gas-sensing materials for H 2 detection. − However, bare SMOs exhibit poor responses to H 2 , and specific catalysts should be used to improve the H 2 -sensing properties of SMOs. − …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ TEM Technique Revealing the Deactivation Mechanism of Bimetallic Pd–Ag Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Sensors

Wang

et al. 2022

Nano Lett.

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Bimetallic Pd–Ag alloy nanoparticles exhibit satisfactory H2-sensing improvements and show application potential for H2 sensor construction. However, the long-term stability of the H2 sensor with Pd–Ag nanoparticles as the catalyst is found to dramatically decrease during operation. Herein, gas-cell in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used to investigate the failure mechanisms of Pd–Ag nanoparticles under operation conditions. Based on the in situ TEM results, the Pd–Ag nanoparticles have two failure mechanisms: particles coalescence at 300 °C and phase segregation at 500 °C. Guided by the failure mechanisms, the H2 sensor is comprehensively optimized based on the working temperature and the amount of Pd–Ag alloy nanoparticles. The optimized sensor exhibits satisfactory H2-sensing properties, and the response decline of the sensor after 1 month is negligible. The revealing of the failure mechanisms with in situ TEM technology provides a valuable route for developing gas sensors with high long-term stability.

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Hydrogen Gas Sensors Using Palladium Nanogaps on an Elastomeric Substrate

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

A fine single Pd microwire H₂ sensor fabricated by using a femtosecond laser for a wide detection range at room temperature

In Situ TEM Technique Revealing the Deactivation Mechanism of Bimetallic Pd–Ag Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Sensors

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Hydrogen Gas Sensors Using Palladium Nanogaps on an Elastomeric Substrate

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H2 Sensors on Paper

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H2 Sensors on Paper

A fine single Pd microwire H2 sensor fabricated by using a femtosecond laser for a wide detection range at room temperature

In Situ TEM Technique Revealing the Deactivation Mechanism of Bimetallic Pd–Ag Nanoparticles in Hydrogen Sensors

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Product

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About

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

Pd Alloy Nanosheet Inks for Inkjet‐Printable H₂ Sensors on Paper

A fine single Pd microwire H₂ sensor fabricated by using a femtosecond laser for a wide detection range at room temperature