Hydrogen-fueled spacecraft and other space applications of hydrogen

Industrial decarbonization via hydrogen: A critical and systematic review of developments, socio-technical systems and policy options

“…Although it has been replaced in large part by other fuels, such as RP-1, which are easier to handle and do not require cryogenic storage, it remains in use in upcoming rocket launch systems, such as European Space Agency's Ariane 6 and NASA's Space Launch System [371]. The development of commercial Near-Earth launch industry is expected to drive an increased demand for rocket fuel, and the choice of propellant and propulsion system can have deep implications on mission design and possible travel distances [372,373]. In addition, as the Near-Earth orbit industry develops, spacecraft manufacturing will require advanced materials capable of coping with hydrogen embrittlement, as these R&D breakthroughs will both support and be based on technology development for other industrial processes in the hydrogen economy [374].…”

Advanced polymeric/inorganic nanohybrids: An integrated platform for gas sensing applications

“…(Punetha et al, 2020). Due to its high energy content, low molecular weight and combustibility without producing any toxic gases (De Vrieze et al, 2020;Pareek et al, 2020), it is considered as a valuable source of carbon-free energy for many industries including fuel cell, nuclear, space and automobile (Frischauf, 2016). However, its applications are seriously restricted by its explosive nature for wide range of concentrations (4-75 vol%) (Punetha et al, 2020).…”

The potential of hydrogen hydrate as a future hydrogen storage medium

“…The produced hydrogen can be used as a fuel for a broad range of applications; as shown in Figure 1 C. It can provide the required propulsion for land transportation sector (i.e. cars, bus, and truck) ( Chilev and Lamari, 2016 ; Syed and Renganathan, 2019 ), ships in maritime industry ( Smith and Fein, 2010 ; Nistor et al., 2018 ) as well as spacecraft propulsion ( Frischauf, 2016 ) and power plant ( Margiott et al., 2006 ). In particular, it can be supplied to fuel cells for electricity generation, running fuel cell-driven vehicles, ships etc.…”