The potential of hydrogen hydrate as a future hydrogen storage medium

Abstract

Summary Hydrogen is recognized as the “future fuel” and the most promising alternative of fossil fuels due to its remarkable properties including exceptionally high energy content per unit mass (142 ), low mass density, and massive environmental and economical upsides. A wide spectrum of methods in production, especially carbon-free approaches, purification, and storage have been investigated to bring this energy source closer to the technological deployment. Hydrogen hydrates are among the most intriguing material paradigms for storage due to their appealing properties such as low energy consumption for charge and discharge, safety, cost-effectiveness, and favorable environmental features. Here, we comprehensively discuss the progress in understanding of hydrogen clathrate hydrates with an emphasis on charging/discharging rate of (i.e. hydrate formation and dissociation rates) and the storage capacity. A thorough understanding on phase equilibrium of the hydrates and its variation through different materials is provided. The path toward ambient temperature and pressure hydrogen batteries with high storage capacity is elucidated. We suggest that the charging rate of in this storage medium and long cyclic performance are more immediate challenges than storage capacity for technological translation of this storage medium. This review and provided outlook establish a groundwork for further innovation on hydrogen hydrate systems for promising future of hydrogen fuel.

Recent Progress of SAPO-34 Zeolite Membranes for CO2 Separation: A Review

“…Since the first report of MMMs in 1970 [ 59 ], extensive research has been conducted to improve the separation performance and industrial implementation for a range of applications such as hydrogen recovery, treatment of natural gas, and air separation [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Different types of polymer matrices have been reported with various fillers, such as MOFs [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ], COFs [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], carbon materials [ 73 ], zeolites [ 59 ], and other materials [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Electrochemical hydrogen storage: Achievements, emerging trends, and perspectives

“…It is possible to generate hydrogen hydrate with a storage capacity of 4.2 wt% at low temperatures and high pressures (50-200 MPa) which is significantly higher than other materials. 130…”

“…However, the main key obstacles are the operating pressure and temperature range as well as the low storage capacity and charging rate. It is possible to generate hydrogen hydrate with a storage capacity of 4.2 wt% at low temperatures and high pressures (50‐200 MPa) which is significantly higher than other materials 130 …”

Natural Gas Hydrate Formation Using Saline/Seawater for Gas Storage Application

“…Visually, they appear akin to ice, and the molecular appearance depicts a crystalline structure, in which water molecules form cages enclosing guest molecules that are held intact by weak van der Waals force. The crystalline structure is differentiated predominantly into sI, sII, and sH types depending upon the size of the guest molecules. , Initially considered as a nuisance hindering the flow in pipelines of oil and gas industries, currently, they are researched for a number of prominent applications, like desalination, , gas separation, , carbon dioxide capture, , cold energy, − and gas storage. − A high degree of safety, compactness with high volumetric storage capacity, and environmentally sustainable features offered by gas hydrates carve out a niche in the domain of gas storage. Termed as “solidified natural gas (SNG)”, plethora of benefits offered, places hydrates as a forerunner among other available modes of natural gas storage that include compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, and adsorbed natural gas.…”