Hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicles (HFCHV) for Birmingham campus

Kendall, Kevin; Pollet, Bruno G.; Dhir, Aman; Staffell, Iain; Millington, B. W.; Jostins, John

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.12.012

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…With addition of 1 passenger, the energy efficiency was less than without passenger. The energy efficiency of this research was higher than the original car [3]. The energy efficiency of this research was also higher than the test [2] with the same car but use ECE 15 drive cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The energy efficiency of this research (run on battery, Ballard and Horizon fuel cell) that used the upgraded Microcab-H4 was more efficient than original Microcab-H4 that was tested by Kendall et al [3]. That means the upgrading concept of Microcab-H4 that had been done by Shang [2] was successful and could increase the energy efficiency up to 55%.…”

Section: Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The purity of hydrogen gas from that station is 99.99%. In the car, the hydrogen was stored in a 0.025m 3 Dynecell tank with maximum pressure at 350 bar.…”

Section: Hydrogen Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kendall et al [3] measured the performance of the Microcab-H4 with academic drive cycle at University of Birmingham. The result of energy efficiency was 0.71km/MJ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance measurement of the upgraded Microcab-H4 with academic drive cycle

Rais

Fisher

Dhir

et al. 2016

CST

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The original Microcab-H4, a hybrid fuel cell car, was tested with Academic drive cycle. After several years, the car was upgraded and tested with the ECE 15 drive cycle. The result showed the car has higher energy efficiency. However, the result could not be compared to the original car due to different drive cycle test. This research was done to measure the performance and energy efficiency of the Upgraded Microcab-H4 with Academic drive cycle. The measure of car energy efficiency was done through four tests: Run on battery, run on battery and Ballard fuel cell, and run on battery, Ballard, and Horizon fuel cell. The energy efficiency was calculated based on the hydrogen consumption after 5 cycles. The lowest energy efficiency was run on battery and Ballard fuel cell with (1.01 km/MJ). The highest energy efficiency was run on battery, Ballard, and Horizon fuel cells (1.10 km/MJ), which is higher than previous tests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The purity of hydrogen gas from that station is 99.99%. In the car, the hydrogen was stored in a 0.025m 3 Dynecell tank with maximum pressure at 350 bar.…”

Section: Hydrogen Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kendall et al [3] measured the performance of the Microcab-H4 with academic drive cycle at University of Birmingham. The result of energy efficiency was 0.71km/MJ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Performance measurement of the upgraded Microcab-H4 with academic drive cycle

Rais

Fisher

Dhir

et al. 2016

CST

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“…Besides conventional storage systems (e.g. pump storage stations, battery/flywheel storage) in recent years a particular research emphasis has been placed on hydrogen storage systems and associated consumption in electric drive vehicle fleets [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].…”

Section: Energy Supply Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of renewable energy technologies and hydrogen economy

Thanapalan¹,

Zhang²,

Carr³

et al. 2013

REPQJ

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This paper presents an overview of renewable energy technologies, the hydrogen economy, and the impact of renewable energy technologies penetration on energy price. The paper begins by presenting an overview of different energy sources and the impact from hydrogen as a fuel into the energy market along with the problems associated with hydrogen energy. The work proceeds to investigate the applications of hydrogen as a fuel and its effects on investment policy in energy industry. Key wordsRenewable energy, Hydrogen economy, Energy sources, Sustainability, Hydrogen production and storage Energy supply technologiesContinuing population growth and rising incomes lead to greater energy consumption, as well as more waste. Over the next few decades, the number of people who are affected by energy shortages is likely to increase several fold. Economically viable methods for renewable energy production can reverse this trend and ensure a continuous supply of energy. The increasing global energy demand and concern about the environmental impact of excess usage of fossil fuels have progressively increased the interest in energy from renewable energy sources. The development of renewable energies into the energy market is being pursued by several governments around the world in an effort to abate climate change, provide security of energy supply and reduce air pollution. In order to reduce the carbon emission, policy makers set some high targets to achieve. Among these renewable sources, solar energy is one of the most promising energy sources for widespread application [11], [12], [13]. The reason for that includes its free access and abundance for most of the places in the world. Due to its intermittency and fluctuation, one of the important research challenges is to improve the system's efficiency and performance. However, it is evident that the solar system has been deployed widely and more and more organisations and people are benefiting from installing photovoltaic panels, which converts the solar energy to electrical energy [14]. It is estimated that the PV industry had a global total of 40GW capacity which is a significant compared with other renewable energy sourcesWind energy is also widely distributed but wind regimes differ significantly both within and between regions, and variations in wind speed can have a profound effect on energy output [15], [16], [17]. Grid connected wind power, from large turbines has seen rapid market growth recently. The amount of wind power currently installed is about 200GW with a growth rate of 40GW installed annually worldwide. However the annual growth rate differs considerably between regions even within a country. For example, expected annual growth rate is 33% in Wales and 22% in the UK [17]. Increasing the amount of wind power has significant effects on the electrical grid

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Hydrogen and fuel cells in city transport

Kendall

2015

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary City transport needs to be improved to reduce emissions and increase fuel flexibility and economy. Because electric drive trains display advantages of low emissions, renewable refuelling and improved performance compared to combustion vehicles, the benefits of hydrogen and fuel cells as range extenders of battery electric vehicles have become apparent, especially to obtain rapid refuelling times and 500‐km range. This paper describes the situation in China where electric bikes have competed successfully with combustion bikes. Unfortunately, this has not proved effective for cars which are too heavy and consequently require increased energy storage capacity over present battery levels. Weight is therefore a primary factor in choosing the drive train. It is demonstrated that hydrogen can provide that energy storage for cars in the 500‐kg mass range, augmenting the battery to extend the range from 100 km to 500 km, as demanded in standard gasoline vehicles. A theory of the weight influence in cars is presented and verified by experiments on the Microcab city car. A hydrogen fuel cell battery hybrid composite car of 7‐kN weight has now been tested to give results better than all existing hydrogen cars in terms of low energy use. The new theory fitting these results shows how the sum of many car component losses as a function of weight resolves into a Coulomb curve. The conclusion is that Coulomb's Law can be used to predict city car energy demand quantitatively. Vehicle weight is therefore the major variable in city transport but hydrogen fuel cell drive can halve the energy requirement at a given mass compared to combustion cars. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicles (HFCHV) for Birmingham campus

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Performance measurement of the upgraded Microcab-H4 with academic drive cycle

Performance measurement of the upgraded Microcab-H4 with academic drive cycle

An overview of renewable energy technologies and hydrogen economy

Hydrogen and fuel cells in city transport

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