Hydrogen embrittlement of metals

Louthan, McIntyre R.; Caskey, G.R.; Donovan, James; Rawl, D.E.

doi:10.1016/0025-5416(72)90109-7

Cited by 525 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Inside the pores the absorbed nascent hydrogen recombines to form hydrogen molecules which react with carbon to form methane by the same reaction that initially caused surface decarburization. This reaction, 2H 2 + C = CH 4 coupled with the cementite decomposition reaction, Fe 3 C = 3Fe + C thermodynamically favors methane formation when the temperature exceeds approximately 200 C. Furthermore methane may be formed by direct interaction between the diffusing hydrogen and carbide particles. The methane that forms is insoluble in the steel and thus remains in the micropore or defect caused by removal of the carbide.…”

Section: Hydrogen Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: A Primer for the Failure Analyst

Louthan

2008

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

165

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Hydrogen reduces the service life of many metallic components. Such reductions may be manifested as blisters, as a decrease in fatigue resistance, as enhanced creep, as the precipitation of a hydride phase and, most commonly, as unexpected, macroscopically brittle failure. This unexpected, brittle fracture is commonly termed hydrogen embrittlement. Frequently, hydrogen embrittlement occurs after the component has been is service for a period of time and much of the resulting fracture surface is distinctly intergranular. Many failures, particularly of high strength steels, are attributed to hydrogen embrittlement simply because the failure analyst sees intergranular facture in a component that served adequately for a significant period of time. Unfortunately, simply determining that a failure is due to hydrogen embrittlement or some other form of hydrogen induced damage is of no particular help to the customer unless that determination is coupled with recommendations that provide pathways to avoid such damage in future applications. This paper presents qualitative and phenomenological descriptions of the hydrogen damage processes and outlines several metallurgical recommendations that may help reduce the susceptibility of a particular component or system to the various forms of hydrogen damage.

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Section: Hydrogen Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: A Primer for the Failure Analyst

Louthan

2008

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

165

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“…From a macroscopic viewpoint, most research showed undesirable effects in the deterioration in strength properties caused by hydrogen. Among deleterious effects of hydrogen, ductility loss [8][9][10] is a well-known phenomenon. Hydrogen-induced degradation in fracture toughness, [11][12][13] fatigue strength, and fatigue crack growth properties [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has also caused concern in various industrial sectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

Murakami

Kanezaki

Mine

2010

Metall Mater Trans A

183

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The well-known term ''hydrogen embrittlement'' (HE) expresses undesirable effects due to hydrogen such as loss of ductility, decreased fracture toughness, and degradation of fatigue properties of metals. However, this article shows, surprisingly, that hydrogen can have an effect against HE. A dramatic phenomenon was found in which charging a supersaturated level of hydrogen into specimens of austenitic stainless steels of types 304 and 316L drastically improved the fatigue crack growth resistance, rather than accelerating fatigue crack growth rates. Although this mysterious phenomenon has not previously been observed in the history of HE research, its mechanism can be understood as an interaction between hydrogen and dislocations. Hydrogen can play two roles in terms of dislocation mobility: pinning (or dragging) and enhancement of mobility. Competition between these two roles determines whether the resulting phenomenon is damaging or, unexpectedly, desirable. This finding will, not only be the crucial key factor to elucidate the mechanism of HE, but also be a trigger to review all existing theories on HE in which hydrogen is regarded as a dangerous culprit.

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“…This deleterious phenomenon, known as hydrogen embrittlement (HE), disrupts power generation, H containment and hydrocarbon extraction [2][3][4] . High-strength alloys subjected to HE in extreme environments, such as deep oil wells, are often poorly accessible and difficult to monitor, forcing reliance on conservative lifetime limits to prevent catastrophic failures 5,6 . Inadequate understanding of how alloy microstructure affects HE hampers higher-fidelity component lifetime predictions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual role of coherent twin boundaries in hydrogen embrittlement

et al. 2015

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Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) causes engineering alloys to fracture unexpectedly, often at considerable economic or environmental cost. Inaccurate predictions of component lifetimes arise from inadequate understanding of how alloy microstructure affects HE. Here we investigate hydrogen-assisted fracture of a Ni-base superalloy and identify coherent twin boundaries (CTBs) as the microstructural features most susceptible to crack initiation. This is a surprising result considering the renowned beneficial effect of CTBs on mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of many engineering alloys. Remarkably, we also find that CTBs are resistant to crack propagation, implying that hydrogen-assisted crack initiation and propagation are governed by distinct physical mechanisms in Ni-base alloys. This finding motivates a re-evaluation of current lifetime models in light of the dual role of CTBs. It also indicates new paths to designing materials with HE-resistant microstructures.

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Hydrogen embrittlement of metals

Cited by 525 publications

References 16 publications

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: A Primer for the Failure Analyst

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals: A Primer for the Failure Analyst

Hydrogen Effect against Hydrogen Embrittlement

The dual role of coherent twin boundaries in hydrogen embrittlement

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