Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength pipeline steels

Hardie, D. Grahame; Charles, E.A.; López, Alejandra

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.011

Cited by 323 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The average hardness was approximately 43 HRC (Rockwellhardness), higher than that of general heated low-carbon steel [13]. The HE was highly sensitive to high hardness characteristic [14]. The screws were baked for various durations to determine HE susceptibility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of 10B21 Screws by Bake Aging

Chen

Hung

Lui

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:The effects of baking on the mechanical properties and fracture characteristics of low-carbon boron (10B21) steel screws were investigated. Fracture torque tests and hydrogen content analysis were performed on baked screws to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility. The diffusible hydrogen content within 10B21 steel dominated the fracture behavior of the screws. The fracture torque of 10B21 screws baked for a long duration was affected by released hydrogen. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) result showed that hydrogen content decreased with increasing baking duration, and thus the HE susceptibility of 10B21 screws improved. Diffusible hydrogen promoted crack propagation in high-stress region. The HE of 10B21 screws can be prevented by long-duration baking.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease in Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of 10B21 Screws by Bake Aging

Chen

Hung

Lui

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…Therefore, most of hydrogen is retained not in the unit cells interstices but in different sites commonly called traps. These traps have been related to microstructural features such as dislocations, interfaces, vacancies, impurity atoms, micro voids, or any other lattice defect [19,36]. The trap densities are inversely proportional to the diffusion coefficients [20].…”

Section: Hydrogen Permeationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, cathodic potentials imposed on the external part of pipelines promote hydrogen reduction, which becomes thermodynamically spontaneous on the metal surface [19]. Bueno et al [4,12] report that API X46 carbon steel exhibited a decreasing ductility as long as cathodic potentials were imposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Diffusion in Weld and API X52 Pipeline Steel Base Metals under Cathodic Protection

Souza

Pereira

Starling

et al. 2017

International Journal of Corrosion

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of microstructure on hydrogen permeation of weld and API X52 base metal under cathodic protection. The microstructures analyzed were of the API X52, as received, quenched, and annealed, and the welded zone. The test was performed in base metal (BM), quenched base metal (QBM), annealed base metal (ABM), and weld metal (WM). Hydrogen permeation flows were evaluated using electrochemical tests in a Devanathan cell. The potentiodynamic polarization curves were carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of each microstructure. All tests were carried out in synthetic soil solutions NS4 and NS4 + sodium thiosulfate at 25 ∘ C. The sodium thiosulfate was used to simulate sulfate reduction bacteria (SRB). Through polarization, assays established that the microstructure does not influence the corrosion resistance. The permeation tests showed that weld metal had lower hydrogen flow than base metal as received, quenched, and annealed.

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“…Figure 8a shows that the hydrogenation treatment (H) decreased the yield strength and the strain to fracture of BM material. This steel embrittlement can be affected by the increase of the hydrogen concentration in the lattice defects during the diffusion process 23 . The specimens heat treated before hydrogenation give better results than the ones only hydrogenated.…”

Section: Effect Of Hydrogenation On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The micrograph of the hydrogenated fracture surface revealed the prevalence of regions with microvoids and fibrous appearance; and in some fracture surface regions with quasi-cleavage aspects. This behavior is likely caused by an increase of hydrogen concentration in the crystal lattice defects that may have reduced the steel ductility 23 .…”

Section: Sem Fracture Surfaces Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrogenation on Residual Stresses of Pipeline Steel Welded Joints

et al. 2016

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Hydrogen embrittlement is a phenomenon that affects the performance of steel used for oil and gas pipelines. This paper presents a study of the effect of hydrogenation on the residual stresses of an API 5L X65 steel pipe. Residual stresses were analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique using the sin 2 Ψ method. The hydrogenation of base metal and welded joint specimens was performed by electrochemical tests in a simulated soil solution NS4. Results show that the hydrogenation led to significant changes in residual stress configuration and in the mechanical properties of steel. The hydrogenation increased the magnitude of the longitudinal residual stress of base metal and fusion zone, without changing the tensile/compressive nature. On the other hand, the hydrogenation increased the intensity of the tangential stress of base metal, and changed from compressive to tensile the residual stress of the fusion zone. The microstructural characterization by optical and scanning electron microscopy was used to complement this study.

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Hydrogen embrittlement of high strength pipeline steels

Cited by 323 publications

References 12 publications

Decrease in Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of 10B21 Screws by Bake Aging

Decrease in Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of 10B21 Screws by Bake Aging

Effect of Microstructure on Hydrogen Diffusion in Weld and API X52 Pipeline Steel Base Metals under Cathodic Protection

Influence of Hydrogenation on Residual Stresses of Pipeline Steel Welded Joints

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