Hydrogen embrittlement of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in CO2 containing low H2S concentration environment

Silva, S.C.; Silva, A.B.; Gomes, José Antônio da Cunha Ponciano

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.105081

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…5), it can be concluded that the thin corrosion layer formed in CO 2 /H 2 S environment layer does not change the H desorption rate. These results are in agreement with the study performed by Silva et al [82]. They evaluated the susceptibility of 𝐴𝑃 𝐼 5𝐿 𝑋65 steel to hydrogen uptake and hydrogen embrittlement in CO 2 environment containing a low concentration of H 2 S, at 𝑂𝐶𝑃 .…”

Section: Effect Of Corrosion Layer On Hydrogen Desorptionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Microstructural and Environmental Effects on the Hydrogen Uptake and Desorption in High-Strength Carbon Steels: A Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy Study

Karimi

Taji

Palencsár

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Section: Effect Of Corrosion Layer On Hydrogen Desorptionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of Microstructural and Environmental Effects on the Hydrogen Uptake and Desorption in High-Strength Carbon Steels: A Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy Study

Karimi

Taji

Palencsár

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…For carbon steel, H 2 S can accelerate anodic reactions (dissolution of carbon steel) [16] and the corrosion rate of steel can be increased by five times, due to the existence of H 2 S in a corrosive environment [17]. Silva et al [18] identified the degradation mechanisms driven by hydrogen embrittlement in a mixed CO 2 /H 2 S environment which has been experimentally verified. Zeng et al [19] also experimentally found that hydrogen embrittlement dictates the failure of a sacrificial anode protector in a mixed CO 2 /H 2 S environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification and Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms for Ground Pipelines with Hanging Rings

Yang³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Recently, corrosion perforation has been frequently seen in surface pipelines in the oil and gas industry, resulting in operational and environmental challenges. Due to the complex characteristics and mechanisms of such corrosion, a new and pragmatic method has been designed to identify and evaluate the corrosion phenomenon via a hanging ring installed in a surface pipeline. In addition to respectively analyzing the ions of water samples with chemical titration, ion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, the micro-surface morphology of the corroded hanging rings was observed and evaluated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the surface composition of the corroded hanging rings was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The water ions of each selected position were found to mainly contain Ca2+, Ba2+, SO42−, and HCO3−, while the barium scale and calcium carbonate scale were formed in situ. In addition to the common corrosion induced by CO2, corrosion induced by both CO2 and H2S leads to extremely serious corrosion and scaling in surface pipelines. In addition, the injection dose of corrosion inhibitor was also evaluated.

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“…However, failures related to sour service are common in the oil and gas industry. Wet H 2 S has a significant effect on steel as it charges it with nascent hydrogen, thus influencing its substantial mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, ductility, and fracture toughness [4,5]. This change in critical mechanical properties can affect material functioning during operation and may lead to failures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prolonged Exposure to Sour Service on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Mechanism of NACE Carbon Steel Material Used in Wet Sour Gas Multiphase Pipeline

et al. 2022

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The oil and gas industry is involved with severe corrosive/sour environmental conditions due to H2S, CO2, and moisture content. The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) has developed standards to enable users to select suitable materials for given sour conditions which utilize laboratory testing. A failed piping sample (API-5L-X65) was removed from a pipeline after 15 years of service. Optical microscopy was used to compare the microstructure of the corroded sample near the exposed surface to both the service environment, and further away from it. Moreover, pitted samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDS) to understand the deposits’ morphology. Furthermore, XPS analysis proves the presence of a significant content of sulfur compound. Additionally, the mechanical properties of both corroded and non-corroded samples were evaluated and compared. Micro-hardness was carried out on the cross-section of the removed sample to understand any evident hardness variation from the inner diameter (ID) to the outer diameter (OD) of the piping. All the results suggest that prolonged service exposure has resulted in the development of micro defects, resulting in the reduction of strength and impact toughness, and the reduction in the hardness at the exposed surface of the corroded piping. Understanding the corrosion mechanism of pipelines exposed to sour media in the long-term helps in repair/replacement planning and extending the usable design life of the material, and paving the way for the oil and gas industry to develop additional ways to monitor the changes in the critical materials’ properties when exposed to sour service.

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Hydrogen embrittlement of API 5L X65 pipeline steel in CO2 containing low H2S concentration environment

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Evaluation of Microstructural and Environmental Effects on the Hydrogen Uptake and Desorption in High-Strength Carbon Steels: A Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy Study

Evaluation of Microstructural and Environmental Effects on the Hydrogen Uptake and Desorption in High-Strength Carbon Steels: A Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy Study

Identification and Analysis of Corrosion Mechanisms for Ground Pipelines with Hanging Rings

Impact of Prolonged Exposure to Sour Service on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Mechanism of NACE Carbon Steel Material Used in Wet Sour Gas Multiphase Pipeline

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