Hydrogen economy ‐ an opportunity for chemical engineers?

Offutt, Martin; Ramage, Michael P.

doi:10.1002/aic.10561

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…1 Hydrogen has been regarded as an ideal fuel to support energy development because of its cleanness and high combustion efficiency. 2 Among numerous approaches for producing hydrogen, steam reforming is a classical and efficient method. Recently, bioethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production has received increasing attention as bioethanol is renewable, cheap, easy to handle, low in toxicity, and thermodynamically feasible to decompose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced oxygen mobility and reactivity for ethanol steam reforming

Zhang

et al. 2011

AIChE Journal

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This article describes a strategy for increasing oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of ethanol steam reforming (ESR) catalysts. Sintering and carbon deposition are major defects of nickel-based catalysts for ESR; tuning oxygen mobility (OM) of CeO 2 -based supports can overcome these drawbacks and promote H 2 production. We have successfully increased OSC and OM by adding Mg into the lattice of Ni/CeO 2 to promote H 2 production in ESR. The insertion of Mg into the CeO 2 lattice efficiently promotes the reduction of Ce 4þ according to X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) analysis. Mg-modified Ni/CeO 2 catalysts have larger OSC and smaller nickel crystallite size compared with bare Ni/CeO 2 . The optimal Mg addition is 7 mol % (Ni/7MgCe) with the best OM. We also present evidence indicating that Mg addition significantly promotes ethanol conversion and H 2 production in ESR, and that Ni/7MgCe yields the best performance due to the high OM of the support. These Mg-modified catalysts also produce less carbon deposition compared with Ni/ CeO 2 , and the amount of deposited carbon decreases with increasing Mg addition. Ni/ 7MgCe has the best resistance to carbon deposition owing to the excellent OM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced oxygen mobility and reactivity for ethanol steam reforming

Zhang

et al. 2011

AIChE Journal

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“…Hydrogen has emerged as a promising universal energy currency, a primary constituent of all green fuels and a common denominator to which virtually all fossiland bio-fuels may be reduced; in turn enabling an energy infrastructure operable from a highly diverse portfolio of hydrocarbon resources [3][4][5][6]. Hydrogen can be converted directly to electrical power via fuel cells, thus removing the Carnot-cycle limit on thermodynamic efficiency [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an integrated ceramic micro-membrane network: Electroless-plated palladium membranes in cordierite supports

Kim

Kellogg

Livaich

et al. 2009

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…In contrast, the corresponding energy density for gasoline is 8.88 kWh/liter. For a given on-board storage space, the lower storage energy densities of batteries and H 2 severely limit the driving distance (9). Furthermore, energy and cost associated with the delivery of a low-energy density carrier to an automobile is a large fraction of the overall energy and cost (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sustainable fuel for the transportation sector

Agrawal

Singh

Ribeiro

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A hybrid hydrogen-carbon (H2CAR) process for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels is proposed wherein biomass is the carbon source and hydrogen is supplied from carbon-free energy. To implement this concept, a process has been designed to co-feed a biomass gasifier with H 2 and CO2 recycled from the H2-CO to liquid conversion reactor. Modeling of this biomass to liquids process has identified several major advantages of the H 2CAR process. (i) The land area needed to grow the biomass is <40% of that needed by other routes that solely use biomass to support the entire transportation sector. (ii) Whereas the literature estimates known processes to be able to produce Ϸ30% of the United States transportation fuel from the annual biomass of 1.366 billion tons, the H 2CAR process shows the potential to supply the entire United States transportation sector from that quantity of biomass. (iii) The synthesized liquid provides H 2 storage in an open loop system. (iv) Reduction to practice of the H 2CAR route has the potential to provide the transportation sector for the foreseeable future, using the existing infrastructure. The rationale of using H 2 in the H2CAR process is explained by the significantly higher annualized average solar energy conversion efficiency for hydrogen generation versus that for biomass growth. For coal to liquids, the advantage of H 2CAR is that there is no additional CO2 release to the atmosphere due to the replacement of petroleum with coal, thus eliminating the need to sequester CO 2. biofuels ͉ coal ͉ hydrogen ͉ oil

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Hydrogen economy ‐ an opportunity for chemical engineers?

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Enhanced oxygen mobility and reactivity for ethanol steam reforming

Enhanced oxygen mobility and reactivity for ethanol steam reforming

Towards an integrated ceramic micro-membrane network: Electroless-plated palladium membranes in cordierite supports

Sustainable fuel for the transportation sector

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