Hydrogen and syngas production from sewage sludge via steam gasification

Nipattummakul, Nimit; Ahmed, Islam; Kerdsuwan, Somrat; Gupta, Ashwani K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.032

Cited by 230 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the representative tar compounds are thermodynamically unfavorable and were not found to be produced by the restricted equilibrium method. Even if representative tar compounds could be produced in the model, the studies used for calibrating T equilibrium [56,79] do not include tar speciation and thus validation is not possible. Therefore, tar modeling was excluded from gasification chemistry.…”

Section: Gasifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techno-economic analysis of wastewater sludge gasification: A decentralized urban perspective

Lumley

Ramey

Prieto

et al. 2014

Bioresource Technology

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Wastewater sludge management is a significant challenge for small-scale, urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Common management strategies stabilize sludge for land disposal by microbial action or heat. Such approaches require large footprint processing facilities or high energy costs. A new approach considers sludge to be a fuel which can be used on-site to produce electricity. Electrical power generation fueled by sludge may serve to reduce the volume of hazardous waste requiring land disposal and create economic value for WWTP operators. To date, no detailed system designs or techno-economic analyses have been found for small scale sludge fueled power plants. Fortunately, a literature base exists describing the fundamentals of applying thermochemical conversion (TCC) technologies to sewage sludge. Thermochemical conversion of sludge is established for large WWTPs, however large system design techniques may not be applicable to small systems.To determine the feasibility of small scale power generation fueled by sludge, this work evaluates several thermochemical conversion technologies from the perspective of small urban WWTPs. Literature review suggests wet oxidation, direct combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification as candidate front-end TCC technologies for on-site generation. Air and steam blown gasification are found to be the only TCC technologies appropriate for sludge. Electrical power generation processes based on both air and steam blown gasification are designed around effective waste heat recovery for sludge drying. The systems are optimized and simulated for net electrical output in ASPEN Plus R . Air blown gasification is found to be superior. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the effect of fuel chemical composition on net electrical output. A technical analysis follows which determines that such a system can be built using currently available technologies. Finally, an economic analysis concludes that a gasification based power system can be economically viable for WWTPs with raw sewage flows of 0.115 m 3 /s, or about 2.2 million gallons per day.

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Section: Gasifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental wastewater sludge gasification literature [56,79,95,96] give η c and gas compositions as functions of temperature, moisture, and, for air blown systems, equivalence ratio. Equivalence ratio is defined on a mass basis…”

Section: Gasifier Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno-economic analysis of wastewater sludge gasification: A decentralized urban perspective

Lumley

Ramey

Prieto

et al. 2014

Bioresource Technology

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“…Indeed, as for biomass gasification, a main difficulty about sewage sludge gasification is the presence of tar and dust in the synthesis gas produced, which may cause problems in process equipment and/or in turbines and engines for gas distribution [7][8][9][10][11]. In any case, gasification is considered a waste-to-clean energy technology [12]. The Scientific World Journal Theory on sewage sludge gasification and a description of the process were reported by Dogru et al [13] and also by Fytili and Zabaniotou [1] in their review on thermal processing of sewage sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of Domestic Sewage Sludge Disposal

2016

Sewage and Landfill Leachate

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The gasification of sewage sludge was carried out in a simple atmospheric fluidized bed gasifier. Flow and fuel feed rate were adjusted for experimentally obtaining an air mass : fuel mass ratio (A/F) of 0.2 < A/F < 0.4. Fuel characterization, mass and power balances, produced gas composition, gas phase alkali and ammonia, tar concentration, agglomeration tendencies, and gas efficiencies were assessed. Although accumulation of material inside the reactor was a main problem, this was avoided by removing and adding bed media along gasification. This allowed improving the process heat transfer and, therefore, gasification efficiency. The heating value of the produced gas was 8.4 MJ/Nm, attaining a hot gas efficiency of 70% and a cold gas efficiency of 57%.

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“…There are several thermal technologies of municipal sewage sludge utilisation enabling to obtain useful forms of energy such as pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, and co-combustion (Manara and Zabaniotou, 2012). Gasification is a thermochemical process in which carbonaceous components of a fuel are converted to combustible gas, so-called syngas (Nipattummakul et al, 2010;Topical report, 1999;Werle, 2013). This process reduces the volume of sewage sludge and converts it into a clean combustible gas being an easy form suitable for disposal, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas as a Reburning Fuel for Natural Gas Combustion

Wilk¹,

Magdziarz²,

Zajemska³

et al. 2014

Chemical and Process Engineering

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The paper aims to confirm the syngas application as a reburning fuel to reduce e.g. NO emission during natural gas combustion. The main aim of this modelling work was to predict pollutants generated in the exhaust gases and to indicate the influence of the syngas on the natural gas combustion process. The effect of residence time of fuel-air mixture was also been performed. Calculations were made with CHEMIKN-PRO for reburning process using syngas. The boundary conditions of the reburning process were based on experimental investigations. The addition of 5, 10, 15 and 19% of reburning fuel into natural gas combustion was studied. The effects of 0.001 to 10 s of residence time and the addition of 5, 10, and 15% of syngas on combustion products were determined. The performed numerical tests confirmed that co-combustion of the natural gas with syngas (obtained from sewage sludge gasification) in the reburning process is an efficient method of NO x reduction by c.a. 50%. Syngas produced from sewage sludge can be utilised as a reburning fuel.

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Hydrogen and syngas production from sewage sludge via steam gasification

Cited by 230 publications

References 25 publications

Techno-economic analysis of wastewater sludge gasification: A decentralized urban perspective

Techno-economic analysis of wastewater sludge gasification: A decentralized urban perspective

Sustainability of Domestic Sewage Sludge Disposal

Syngas as a Reburning Fuel for Natural Gas Combustion

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