Hydrodynamic aspects of fish olfaction

Cox, Jonathan P.L.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2007.1281

Cited by 74 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Structurally, each lamella is comprised of two layers of epithelium separated by connective tissue, which is attached to the wall of the nasal chamber and to a central support known as a raphe [3], [6]. Though these attachment points provide structural support along most of the boundary, approximately one-third of the boundary is unsupported and free to deflect since the connective tissue permits some flexibility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lamellae are stacked in parallel and arranged in two separate rows, consisting of pairs of dorsal and ventral lamella that are attached to either the dorsal or ventral wall of the nasal chamber, respectively, and separated by a central support known as a raphe [3], [6]. Kajiura et al [2] found that sphyrnid shark species generally possess a greater number of olfactory lamellae than carcharhinid species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Computational Study of the Hydrodynamics in the Nasal Region of a Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna tudes): Implications for Olfaction

et al. 2013

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The hammerhead shark possesses a unique head morphology that is thought to facilitate enhanced olfactory performance. The olfactory chambers, located at the distal ends of the cephalofoil, contain numerous lamellae that increase the surface area for olfaction. Functionally, for the shark to detect chemical stimuli, water-borne odors must reach the olfactory sensory epithelium that lines these lamellae. Thus, odorant transport from the aquatic environment to the sensory epithelium is the first critical step in olfaction. Here we investigate the hydrodynamics of olfaction in Sphyrna tudes based on an anatomically-accurate reconstruction of the head and olfactory chamber from high-resolution micro-CT and MRI scans of a cadaver specimen. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of water flow in the reconstructed model reveal the external and internal hydrodynamics of olfaction during swimming. Computed external flow patterns elucidate the occurrence of flow phenomena that result in high and low pressures at the incurrent and excurrent nostrils, respectively, which induces flow through the olfactory chamber. The major (prenarial) nasal groove along the cephalofoil is shown to facilitate sampling of a large spatial extent (i.e., an extended hydrodynamic “reach”) by directing oncoming flow towards the incurrent nostril. Further, both the major and minor nasal grooves redirect some flow away from the incurrent nostril, thereby limiting the amount of fluid that enters the olfactory chamber. Internal hydrodynamic flow patterns are also revealed, where we show that flow rates within the sensory channels between olfactory lamellae are passively regulated by the apical gap, which functions as a partial bypass for flow in the olfactory chamber. Consequently, the hammerhead shark appears to utilize external (major and minor nasal grooves) and internal (apical gap) flow regulation mechanisms to limit water flow between the olfactory lamellae, thus protecting these delicate structures from otherwise high flow rates incurred by sampling a larger area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Study of the Hydrodynamics in the Nasal Region of a Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna tudes): Implications for Olfaction

et al. 2013

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“…Cox (2008) summarizes a variety of evidence that fish use both externally and internally generated flows to enable adequate rates of odorant delivery to olfactory sensors. Re varies from approximately 0.02 to 5, whereas Pe ranges from 20 to 3000.…”

Section: Laminar Advectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrodynamics of Chemical Cues Among Aquatic Organisms

Webster

Weissburg

2009

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

122

105

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Chemical cues mediate many critical life processes, such as feeding, reproduction, and benthic settling, for aquatic organisms. Depending on the fluid velocity and flow regime, released chemicals are transported via diffusion, laminar advection, or turbulent advection prior to organism reception. Here, we review transport mechanisms and ecological consequences in each regime. We discuss cue structures in terms of concentration gradients, concentration fluctuations, and spatial patterns and draw conclusions about strategies that animals use to acquire information. In some cases, chemical transport occurs through a combination of mechanisms, which requires a multiscale analysis. Regime and scaling are major themes that emerge from recent research. In particular, nondimensional parameters that combine biological and physical variables reveal general principles under which organisms respond to chemical cues and facilitate defining regimes of behavior. 73 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2009.41:73-90. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY on 10/13/12. For personal use only.

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“…The effects due to the presence of such boundary layers are usually a well-known phenomenon in fluid dynamics and have been studied in biological systems such as swimming (Anderson et al, 2001;Nauen and Lauder, 2001), olfaction (Cox, 2008;Koehl, 2006) and fluid sensing in both air and water (for a review, see Casas and Dangles, 2010). However, the biological contexts in which boundary layer effects are considered usually concern bulk air flow and sensing by arrays of hairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional cues inDrosophila melanogasteraudition: structure of acoustic flow and inter-antennal velocity differences

Morley

Steinmann

Casas

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDrosophila melanogaster have bilateral antisymmetric antennae that receive the particle velocity component of an acoustic stimulus. Acoustic communication is important in their courtship, which takes place in the acoustic near-field. Here, the small size of the dipole sound source (the male wing) and the rapid attenuation rate of particle velocity produce a spatially divergent sound field with highly variable magnitude. Also, male and female D. melanogaster are not usually stationary during courtship, resulting in a variable directionality of the acoustic stimulus. Using both particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler vibrometry, we examined the stimulus flow around the head of D. melanogaster to identify the actual geometry of the acoustic input to the antennae and its directional response. We reveal that the stimulus changes in both magnitude and direction as a function of its angle of incidence. Remarkably, directionality is substantial, with inter-antennal velocity differences of 25dB at 140Hz. For an organism whose auditory receivers are separated by only 660±51m (mean ± s.d.), this inter-antennal velocity difference is far greater than differences in intensity observed between tympanal ears for organisms of similar scale. Further, the mechanical sensitivity of the antennae changes as a function of the angle of incidence of the acoustic stimulus, with peak responses along axes at 45 and 315deg relative to the longitudinal body axis. This work indicates not only that the flies are able to detect differential cues in signal direction, but also that the male song structure may not be the sole determinant of mating success; his spatial positioning is also crucial to female sound reception and therefore also perhaps to her decision making.

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Hydrodynamic aspects of fish olfaction

Cited by 74 publications

References 97 publications

A Computational Study of the Hydrodynamics in the Nasal Region of a Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna tudes): Implications for Olfaction

A Computational Study of the Hydrodynamics in the Nasal Region of a Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna tudes): Implications for Olfaction

The Hydrodynamics of Chemical Cues Among Aquatic Organisms

Directional cues inDrosophila melanogasteraudition: structure of acoustic flow and inter-antennal velocity differences

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