Hydrocracking of alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on acidic catalysts. Evidence for cyclization of the side chains

Sullivan, R. F.

doi:10.1016/0021-9517(64)90126-5

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In these experiments the cracking products showed a selectivity of only 15 %. It has been reported that C 15 H 22 can be easily formed by the effect of temperature [23,32]. Since both the matrix and the binder in the catalysts are silica, their activity can be assumed to be contributed by the zeolite component only [4,10,33].…”

Section: 35-tri-isopropylbenzene Cracking At 500°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the catalytic experiments, other hydrocarbons such as C 15 H 22 and 1,4-DIPB, were also observed besides these dealkylation products, as the consequences of side reactions. C 15 H 22 can be formed by the cyclization of alkyl groups in the aromatic ring [23,32], while 1,4-DIPB can be formed from the isomerization of 1,3-DIPB [22]. It can be assumed that the formation of these two hydrocarbons is very fast.…”

Section: Impact Of Secondary Cracking Reactions Simple Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Desilication Treatment of Y Zeolite on the Catalytic Cracking of Bulky Hydrocarbon Molecules

2015

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Mesoporosity was induced on a USY zeolite by means of an alkaline leaching process. Samples were immersed in 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 M NaOH solutions during 15 min at room temperature and then were exchanged with NH 4? ions and calcined to yield the acid forms. The formation of mesopores with size ranging from 20 to 100 Å increased with the concentration of NaOH. The modified zeolites were used at 30 wt% to formulate cracking catalysts with an inert SiO 2 matrix. The catalytic performance of these catalysts in the conversion of 1,3,5-tri-isopropylbenzene was evaluated in a batch, fluidized bed reactor at 450, 500 and 530°C, with a catalyst to oil relationship of 4.7 and contact times up to 16 s. The catalysts with the modified zeolites were more active in the cracking of these bulky molecules than the one with the parent, unmodified zeolite; moreover, the selectivity to the products of primary cracking reactions increased. These results reveal an enhanced diffusion of the reactant molecules to the zeolite active sites and of the products out of the catalyst particles.

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Section: 35-tri-isopropylbenzene Cracking At 500°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Secondary Cracking Reactions Simple Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Desilication Treatment of Y Zeolite on the Catalytic Cracking of Bulky Hydrocarbon Molecules

2015

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“…The reaction examined is the deuterium exchange with neopentane on supported platinum, It is a series reaction with many steps and resembles industrially important reactions such as the isomerization of certain olefins (see Haag and Pines, 1960) and the hydrogenolysis of polynuclear aromatics (see Sullivan et al, 1964;Germain, 1969). It was used as a test reaction in previous experimental studies of laboratory flow reactors (Zahner, 1970) and diffusion effects in porous catalysts (Dwyer et al, 1968;Ernst and Wei, 1975) because of several desirable features: negligible heat of reaction, single step surface exchange mechanism, and first order in neopentane ,…”

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confidence: 99%

A method for the study of performance of a single spherical particle with nonuniform catalytic activity

Ernst

Daugherty

1978

AIChE Journal

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In recent years, there has been increasing interest in porous catalysts which contain nonuniform activity. For example, Kasaoka and Sakata ( 1968), Villadsen ( 1976), Corbett and Luss (1974), Shadman-Yazdi and Petersen (1972), and Becker and Wei (1977u, b) have recently developed theoretical models to describe the performance of catalysts with nonuniform activity. Some catalysts contain nonuniform activity as a result of preparation methods employed, while others develop this feature because of poisoning. The deliberate inclusion of nonuniform activity in porous catalysts provides a means of tailoring a catalyst to a specific process to improve activity or selectivity, or to reduce the rate of poisoning.This note develops the theoretical basis for an experimental study of the effect of catalyst activity distribution on selectivity. The reaction examined is the deuterium exchange with neopentane on supported platinum, It is a series reaction with many steps and resembles industrially important reactions such as the isomerization of certain olefins (see Haag and Pines, 1960) and the hydrogenolysis of polynuclear aromatics (see Sullivan et al., 1964;Germain, 1969). It was used as a test reaction in previous experimental studies of laboratory flow reactors (Zahner, 1970) and diffusion effects in porous catalysts (Dwyer et al., 1968;Ernst and Wei, 1975) because of several desirable features: negligible heat of reaction, single step surface exchange mechanism, and first order in neopentane , THEORYIn a mass spectrometer, neopentane undergoes fragmentation such that the major peak corresponds to a t-butyl fragment, and the parent neopentane peak is negligible. Kemball (1954) has provided a means of following the course of the deuterium-neopentane exchange reaction via the deuterium exchanged t-butyl fragments. Thus, there are nine deuterated products that must be monitored during the course of the reaction.For brevity, the model will be developed for the singlestep exchange of methane: The model can be readily extended to the reaction of neopentane. The following assumptions will be made: a large excess of Dz is used so that q is approximately equal to 1, and all reverse reactions are insignificant; the reaction occurs within a spherical catalyst particle containing the activity distributionwhere k, is the catalytic activity at the particle surface

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“…However, polymethlybenzenes undergo disproportionation, isomerization, and cyclization with very little benzene formation (Sullivan et al, 1964).…”

Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Cracking of Petroleum

Speight¹

2003

Natural and Laboratory-Simulated Thermal Geochemical Processes

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Hydrocracking of alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on acidic catalysts. Evidence for cyclization of the side chains

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of the Desilication Treatment of Y Zeolite on the Catalytic Cracking of Bulky Hydrocarbon Molecules

Impact of the Desilication Treatment of Y Zeolite on the Catalytic Cracking of Bulky Hydrocarbon Molecules

A method for the study of performance of a single spherical particle with nonuniform catalytic activity

Thermal Cracking of Petroleum

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