Hydrochemistry and quality of groundwater in alluvial aquifer of Karonga, Malawi

Mapoma, Harold Wilson Tumwitike; Xie, Xianjun; Liu, Yaqing; Zhu, Yapeng; Kawaye, Floney Patame; Kayira, Tabitha Mlowoka

doi:10.1007/s12665-017-6653-2

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Figure 6 suggests the mechanisms controlling the hydrochemistry of the studied groundwater while the saturation indices (Fig. 5) support the discussion (Mapoma et al 2017). The likelihood of carbonate dissolution, silicate weathering, and evaporite dissolution was investigated using a bivariate plot of HCO Bivariate plots of HCO 3 − /Na + vs Ca 2+ /Na + and Mg 2+ /Na + vs Ca 2+ /Na + revealed three data clusters points.…”

Section: Geochemical Modellingsupporting

confidence: 72%

Influence of Hydrogeochemical Factors on the Natural Water Systems of Uburu-Okposi area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria, using Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Methods

Tijani

Owolabi

Obini

2022

Preprint

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The influence of hydrogeological processes on water systems of the Uburu-Okposi area, Lower Benue Trough was investigated to understand the interplay between aquifer materials and the water system resulting in its chemical composition modification. Forty (40) water samples (ground and surface sources) were randomly collected and analyzed for their physicochemical properties. Results from in-situ measured physicochemical parameters are pH: 5.29–8.98, EC: 206–6970 us/cm, and TDS: 112–4690 mg/l. Laboratory results shows Na+ as the dominant cation (4.4–4900 mg/l) with Cl− as the dominant anion (14.4–6300 mg/l). The values were indicative of salinization. Factors influencing water chemistry were determined using Saturation Index (SI), Ionic Ratio, and Bivariate plots. 65% of samples had positive Chloro Alkali Index (CAI) ratio suggesting direct base-exchange reaction as a dominant factor governing water chemistry. CAI 1 & 2 large absolute values show cation exchange as a principal influence on groundwater chemistry. Estimated SI showed Dolomite, Calcite, Aragonite, and Magnesite were supersaturated therefore, they influenced water chemistry. Bivariate plots identified Ion Exchange (carbonate and silicate weathering) as another principal influence on water chemistry. Gibbs plot showed 92.5% samples plotted in the rock–water interaction field with 7.5% plotting within the evaporation-precipitation field. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) extracted six components factors, the first three factors accounted for above 50% of the total variation collectively responsible for the hydrochemical processes in the area via water-rock interactions, carbonate dissolution, and ion exchanges. Conclusively, geogenic factors are the major influence on water chemistry in the study area.

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Section: Geochemical Modellingsupporting

confidence: 72%

Influence of Hydrogeochemical Factors on the Natural Water Systems of Uburu-Okposi area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria, using Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Methods

Tijani

Owolabi

Obini

2022

Preprint

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Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electric conductivity (EC) were measured in the field at the time of collection using a digital handheld multiparameter sampling instrument (YSI ProDSS) [3]. The samples were pretreated during field collection using a degassing filtration system (GM-0.33A, JINTENG) powered by vehicular electricity supply, accompanied with a 0.45 µm water-soluble filter membrane and acidified to pH ≤ 2 using ultra-pure HNO 3 for the cation analysis [39,40]. Without the determination of NOM (Natural Organic Matter) or TOC (Total Organic Carbon), such on-site pretreatment can effectively filter the particle impurities, suspended solids and complexes, and stabilize the cations in the water sample, avoiding subsequent disturbance so as to make the measured results of cations and anions more accurate and the instruments more reliable.…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow Groundwater Quality and Its Controlling Factors in the Su-Xi-Chang Region, Eastern China

Sun

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Understanding factors influencing groundwater quality is critical to the development of best management practices at the large watershed scale. In this study, the shallow groundwater (10–20 m depth) in the Su-Xi-Chang region, eastern China, was investigated as part of a monitoring program from 2007 to 2008 to analyze the regional groundwater quality as well as the hydrogeochemical processes and their controlling factors. Conventional physicochemical water parameters (pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus), major cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+) and anions (Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) were measured. Hydrochemical methods and multivariate statistical methods were applied to analyze the hydrogeochemical signatures, origins, the similarities among the variables and to identify the main pollution sources in the groundwater. The results showed that (1) the concentrations of TDS (224.89–1086.70 mg/L) and turbidity (0.1–18.60 NTU) were higher than the class II groundwater quality standards in China and the WHO drinking water standards, (2) there were extremely high concentrations of ammonia (0.01–32.90 mg/L), with a mean value of 0.72 mg/L and (3) the nitrate concentrations (average value of 22.07 mg/L) exceeded the class III groundwater quality standards. The study also provided evidence that weathering, dissolution of carbonate, halite and silicate and cation exchange were the possible primary hydrogeochemical control mechanisms in the groundwater. The sources of ammonia, total phosphorus, sulfates and nitrates included rock–water interactions and anthropogenic activities. The groundwater administration of pollution sinks and sources, long-term legal frameworks and economic incentives should be improved to optimize watershed scale management in the context of rapid development in China.

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“…If taken in persistent amounts of over 1.2 mg/L leads to tooth fluorosis [14]. Fluoride arises from groundwater dissolution in fluoride-rich lithologies, including clay minerals and micas, biotite metamorphic basement rocks and basement volcanic rocks of alkaline composition [15][16][17]. In this study, samples analyzed indicated low levels of Fluoride which were all under the standard limits required of 1.5 mg/L meaning that it is suitable for drinking even though there is significant difference between the wells and the boreholes.…”

Section: Fluoridementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ground water Quality in Mumbuni Estate, Machakos Town, Kenya

Nzeve¹,

Mbate²

2021

JHER

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The rapid increase of global human population has led to more people living in towns and cities in the recent past.This has brought pressure on water service provision and sanitation infrastructure in many cities and towns including Machakos town. Due to surface water shortages, groundwater has been an alternative. This includes sinking of boreholes and hand dug shall wells. This study evaluated the concentration levels of physical and chemical parameters of water in selected boreholes and shallow wells in Mumbuni estate, Machakos town. A total of three boreholes and three shallow wells were included in the study. Water samples were collected in triplicates after every two weeks for a period of one and a half months from the selected sampling sites. The samples were transported to the Water Resources Authority (WRA) central laboratory in Nairobi for analysis using the standard methods for the examination of ground water. Independent T-test was used to analyze data and significance levels accepted at p≤0.05. The results obtained were compared with both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) drinking water standards in order to determine the quality of ground water and its suitability for drinking. All the parameters measured varied significantly between borehole water and shallow well water except for Calcium, Magnesium and potassium (p≥0.05). pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Chloride, Fluoride and Sulphates were within the WHO and KEBS recommended limits for drinking water. Other parameters tested such as Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium were also within acceptable limits. The study concluded that water from boreholes and shallow wells in Mumbuni estate is suitable for drinking.

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Hydrochemistry and quality of groundwater in alluvial aquifer of Karonga, Malawi

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

Influence of Hydrogeochemical Factors on the Natural Water Systems of Uburu-Okposi area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria, using Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Methods

Influence of Hydrogeochemical Factors on the Natural Water Systems of Uburu-Okposi area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria, using Geochemical and Multivariate Statistical Methods

Shallow Groundwater Quality and Its Controlling Factors in the Su-Xi-Chang Region, Eastern China

Assessment of Ground water Quality in Mumbuni Estate, Machakos Town, Kenya

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