Assessment of Ground water Quality in Mumbuni Estate, Machakos Town, Kenya

Nzeve, Julius Kioko; Mbate, Grace Nduta

doi:10.11648/j.jher.20210701.12

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Levels as high as 9.36 mg/L, exceeding the WHO limit of 1.5 mg/L, were reported in borehole water from Mlolongo area [20]. Another recent study in Mumbuni reported fluoride levels at concentrations of 0.252 mg/L and 0.214 for wells and borehole, respectively [21]. From these studies, it is evident that populations in south eastern region are at risk of developing fluoride-related diseases, which is corroborated by a study done in Athi River subcounty, Machakos, where the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children of 12-15 years was reported to be at 93.4% [22].…”

Section: A Case Study Of Fluoride Distribution In South Eastern Regio...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Fluoridated Water, Effects and Green Removal Techniques

A. Okello,

N. Ndunda,

Esitsakha

et al. 2024

Water Quality - New Perspectives

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Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral released by rocks into water, soil and air. It elicits dual effects to organisms. Its beneficial effects are effected through water fluoridation to adjust fluoride content in drinking water to acceptable levels that are deemed to prevent tooth decay. Moreover, fluoride itself may be dangerous at high levels. Excessive fluoride causes dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis or even severe form of fluorosis known as “crippling skeletal fluorosis,” characterized by muscle wasting, immobility and neurological problems. Studies on fluoride levels are important so as to protect organisms from the adverse effect of high fluoride exposure. Various conventional and sensor-based technologies have been applied, leading to the detection of fluoride in water systems across the globe, with some regions reporting levels above the World Health Organization (WHO) limits. This necessitates interventions to reduce the levels of fluoride in drinking water. Green technologies are emerging as viable options for fluoride remediation since they are associated with minimal environmental contamination. Knowledge on fluoride in the environment is a key and therefore, this chapter provides an overview of fluorides, their monitoring in the environment, benefits as well as health effects and removal technologies that range from conventional to green technologies.

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Section: A Case Study Of Fluoride Distribution In South Eastern Regio...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Fluoridated Water, Effects and Green Removal Techniques

A. Okello,

N. Ndunda,

Esitsakha

et al. 2024

Water Quality - New Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Physico-chemical, Microbiological, and Ion Assessment in Underground and Surface Water in Machakos County, Kenya

Esitsakha,

Ndunda,

Okello

2024

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The influence of geology on the quality of groundwater for domestic use: a Kenyan review

Gevera,

Onyari

2024

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Kenya’s population, akin to other Sub-Saharan countries, is rapidly growing. With the increasing unreliability of surface water, groundwater resources are becoming highly relied on for domestic and industrial use. Despite several known contaminants reported in different parts of the country, no study has attempted to correlate groundwater quality in the different geological provinces. This review critically synthesizes the influence of Kenya’s diverse geology on groundwater quality for human consumption. This was achieved through a review of published journal articles and other research material through research and government databases. Groundwater was categorised based on the major geological provinces including the Archaean volcanic Nyanzian Craton, the Proterozoic metamorphic Mozambique Mobile Belt (MMB) and volcanic Kisii Group, the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments, and Tertiary volcanic Rift Valley. Groundwater quality in these regions showed a characteristic high concentration of fluoride (F−) in volcanic aquifers of the Rift Valley and Nyazian Craton and metamorphic aquifers of the MMB, where mineral dissolution was the main process of F− release. High salinity was common in metamorphic aquifers in the MMB and the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary aquifers where mineral dissolution and seawater intrusion were the common contributors to salinity. Other contaminants such as lead and iron were reported in localised areas in the sedimentary and metamorphic aquifers, respectively. Anthropogenic contaminants such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), NO3 −, and NO2 − were common in shallow groundwater resources in most informal settlements in urban areas. Due to the presence of health implications, of the highlighted contaminants, such as fluorosis, high blood pressure and diarrhoea (due to high F− and salinity) in affected regions, this review highlights the need for an active water resource management program in any country relying on groundwater resources to determine the presence of all region-specific potentially harmful chemical elements and mitigation measures in all its water resources.

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Assessment of Ground water Quality in Mumbuni Estate, Machakos Town, Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Fluoridated Water, Effects and Green Removal Techniques

Fluoridated Water, Effects and Green Removal Techniques

Physico-chemical, Microbiological, and Ion Assessment in Underground and Surface Water in Machakos County, Kenya

The influence of geology on the quality of groundwater for domestic use: a Kenyan review

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