Hydrochemical differences between river water and groundwater in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China

Abstract

Understanding hydrological process of surface water and groundwater is significant for the management of urban water resources. In this study, a total of thirty-seven water samples have been collected from the river (RW, 15 samples), shallow aquifer (SG, 12 samples), and deep aquifer (DG, 10 samples) in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China, and their major ion concentrations and stable H–O isotopes have been measured. The results revealed that Na+ and HCO3− were the dominant cation and anion, respectively, and most of the water samples are classified to be Na-HCO3 type, to a lesser extent, Mg-HCO3 type. K-mean and Q-type clustering analyses ruled out the hydrological relationship between river and groundwater, but there was a significant connectivity between shallow and deep groundwater, which was further confirmed by the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The relationship between δ2H and δ18O has shown that precipitation was the main source of the groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, the values of deuterium excess (d-excess) in different water bodies suggested that the groundwater has not been affected by evaporation, which was the main process controlling the isotopic composition of river water.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shallow Groundwater of Coal–Poultry Farming Districts

“…The literature search yielded a few studies on the heavy metal pollution of shallow groundwater under the impact of poultry farms. Table 4 shows the trace elements in the shallow groundwater of the study area and other similar regions in China and other countries [27][28][29][30][31][32]. The average Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr concentrations in this study were much lower than those in the groundwater of polish Western Pomerania [45].…”

“…Shallow groundwater had a permeability coefficient k = 0.86-12.25 m/d; seepage velocity v = 0.56 × 10 −4 -0.12 × 10 −2 m/d; hydraulic gradient i = 1/10,000-0.65/10,000. Affected by the water blocking effect, the third and fourth aquifers are mainly supplied by interstitial recharge, with a poor water volume [28]. Due to similar lithological characteristics, shallow groundwater will be analyzed together with deep groundwater as an integral constituent of the groundwater circulation system.…”

Statistical analyses of groundwater chemistry in the Qingdong coalmine, northern Anhui province, China: implications for water–rock interaction and water source identification

“…In clustering, the objects are grouped in order to divide the similar objects into the same class. The method has been applied to the hydrochemical studies for a long time (Tay et al 2015;Bencer et al 2016;Chen et al 2020). 4.…”

“…In this study, all the samples were analyzed by Q-model cluster analysis and the "Ward" linkage and "Euclidean" distance were chosen to obtain better results (Fovell and Fovell 1993;Chen et al 2020). As can be seen from Fig.…”

Statistical analyses of hydrochemistry in multi-aquifers of the Pansan coalmine, Huainan coalfield, China: implications for water-rock interaction and hydraulic connection

“…Cluster analysis is a traditional statistical method that provides a simple and efficient way of regrouping samples and has been often used in studies of the hydraulic connections of different water bodies [ 21 ]. Teng et al.…”