Hydrochemical characterization of abandoned quarry and mine water for domestic and irrigation uses in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria

Eyankware, Moses Oghenenyoreme; Obasi, P. N.; Omo-Irabor, Omoleomo Olutoyin; Akakuru, Obinna Chigoziem

doi:10.1007/s40808-020-00827-5

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…But none of these has established the quality of these water resources with respect to irrigation agriculture which is leading the economic trend of a diversified economy in Nigeria. Irrigation agriculture is dependent on water supply of good quality (Eyankware et al 2018;Rawat et al 2018). Water of poor quality is not suitable for neither human nor plant uses.…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other parameters include Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Total Hardness (TH), Kelly Ratio (KR) and Electrical Conductivity (EC). Groundwater quality studies for drinking and irrigation purposes have been carried out in different parts of the world including Tamil Nadu, India (Ibraheen and Nazeeb Khan 2017;Subramani et al 2005), Uttarakhand (Jain et al 2010), Peninsular (Rawat et al 2018), Punjab (Kumar et al 2007), Sri Lanka (Nishanthiny et al 2010), Iran (Aghazadeh and Mogaddam 2010;Narany et al 2015), Ghana (Ackah et al 2011), Nigeria (Igwe et al 2014(Igwe et al , 2015(Igwe et al , 2017Eyankware et al 2016aEyankware et al , 2016bEyankware et al , 2017Eyankware et al , 2018Eyankware et al , 2020, and China (Wen et al 2005). These studies have shown variously, the characteristic chemical composition of water resources in different areas as it affects plants and soil properties in agricultural development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and evaluation of the effects of mine discharges on surface water resources for irrigation: a case study of the Enyigba Mining District, Southeast Nigeria

2021

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Mining activities generate much wastes which degenerate into various geochemical components and affect the natural composition of surface water resources. They cause Acid Mine Drainage (AMDs) and influence the hydrochemical evolution of the hydrogeological systems. This study employed hydrochemical parameters to characterize and evaluate the effects of mine discharges on irrigation surface water in the mining district of Enyigba, SE Nigeria. Twenty-four water samples were collected from surface water sources used for subsistence irrigation farming and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−) and sulfate (SO42−), while various irrigation parameters including Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Total Hardness (TH), Kelly Ratio (KR) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were deduced. Result indicates hydrogeochemical trend of Cl− > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > SO42− > HCO3− + CO3 > Na+ + K+, while hydrogeochemical facies from Piper Trilinear plot, Durov and Schoeller plots shows that the dominant ionic species are the Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42−. Irrigation parameters such as SSP, MAR, Na %, SAR, PI, KR and EC indicate that majority of water sample are very good to moderately suitable for irrigation. Five samples around Amorie and Ameka are within the hard category for TH, which could be attributed to the high concentration of dissolved magnesium and calcium ion in the area. Apart from mine discharges, rock water interaction also affects the composition of surface water resources of the area.

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Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and evaluation of the effects of mine discharges on surface water resources for irrigation: a case study of the Enyigba Mining District, Southeast Nigeria

2021

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“…From Figure 3a Groundwater samples it was observed that samples MS/01, 03, 04, 05, 06, 08, 09, 10, 12,13, and 14 fell within Ca-Mg-SO 4 water type, while MS/02, 11, 07, and 15 fell within Ca-Mg-Cl water type such water type is classified to permanently hard water. Similar study conducted by [14] within the southern Benue trough, Nigeria reported that groundwater within the Asu River Group is permanently hard, this may be due to the fact that host rock weather and eventually residence over time in groundwater thereby altering the geochemistry of groundwater. From Figure 3b, it was observed sample location MA/16, 17, 24, 25, 26, and 27 was classified to be of Ca-Mg-Cl water type, and samples MA/18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, and 30, Similar studies done in Enyigba and Umuoghara mining of Ebonyi state, Nigeria [5,14] revealed groundwater within that terrain is classified to be hard due to rock water interaction.…”

Section: Parson Plotmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Two mines exist within the study area; these are the lead-zinc mine at Enyigba and Ameka. The leakage of chemicals from these mines sites, geogenic and anthropogenic activities have influenced the chemical composition of groundwater within the area [2,14] . Hence, a detailed study is necessary to get a piece of baseline information that will in˗turn be needed to establish long˗term groundwater monitoring programs for sustainable development of groundwater within the study area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach

Eyankware

Obasi

Ogwah

2021

j. of environ. & earth. sci.

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Groundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯, and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots showed that 96% of groundwater samples analyzed were categorized under carbonate weathering, 4% fell silicate weathering. Gibbs plots revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks are mostly the main processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots suggested that groundwater within the study were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, the plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯+SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater was considered to be within the natural state for the two group. The plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater is classified as soft freshwater. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influence groundwater within the two geological.

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“…Nitrate concentrations measured during the study period are lower than the WHO recommended limits of 50 mg/L. Nitrate in subsurface water could result from natural sources such as oxidation by nitrogenous bacteria and play a central role to plant nourishment [50,51]. Sulphate concentration (mg/L) fluctuated from 96.76 to 275.5, having a mean of 176.6 and a standard deviation of 77.35 in the rainy season and 91.4 to 265.2 with a mean value of 184.63 and a standard deviation of 64.62 in the dry season.…”

Section: Major Anion Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Santchou (Cameroon Western Highlands)

Mufur¹,

Awah²,

Tamfuh³

et al. 2022

AJEP

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Groundwater quality is a function of the enclosing aquifer materials and/or human influences. Therefore, frequent water quality surveillance is essential as the subsurface resource is a main source of water supply in Santchou, Cameroon Western Highlands. In order to carry out the inquiries, 24 groundwater samples were collected during the wet period (July 2020) as well as during the dry season (February 2021) from springs, a borehole and hand-dug wells. The water samples were tested in the field for pH, electrical conductivity and turbidity, while two separate water samples were obtained from each sampling point for chemical and bacteriological parameters in the laboratory. The main results revealed that the studied groundwater samples are weakly mineralised, with a slightly acidic pH. The major ionic constituents of the sampled sources were within acceptable limits prescribed by the World Health Organisation except for Mg 2+ and Clthat were noted in excess of the recommended values at some sites. Piper plot indicated that the water is essentially of Na-K-Cl-SO 4 type while the Gibbs diagram showed that hydrochemistry was predominantly due to rock-weathering. SAR (sodium absorption ratio) values, Na % (sodium percentage) and TH (total hardness) revealed that the water is suitable for irrigational practices. Microbiological pollutants such as Enterobacteria, E. coli, Streptococcus spp, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Vibrio spp and Staphylococcus spp were noticed in the water samples, and hence consumers' health may be compromised if basic treatment methods like boiling and filtration are not performed before the water is used for drinking.

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Hydrochemical characterization of abandoned quarry and mine water for domestic and irrigation uses in Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization and evaluation of the effects of mine discharges on surface water resources for irrigation: a case study of the Enyigba Mining District, Southeast Nigeria

Characterization and evaluation of the effects of mine discharges on surface water resources for irrigation: a case study of the Enyigba Mining District, Southeast Nigeria

A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach

Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Characterization of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes in Santchou (Cameroon Western Highlands)

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