This paper presents a review on previous activities of mining on water resources of Ebonyi State, SE, Nigeria. As high demand for water increases due to population growth and rapid development across the state has made it necessary to monitor water resources within the study area. However, less information is available on evaluation of impact on mining activities on water resources. For the purpose of this research, related articles were downloaded from Google, published article on effect of mining on water resources was download and thoroughly studied to evaluate effect of mining on water resources of the study area. Results obtained from findings revealed that mining activities that was carried out in the past has negatively affected the geochemistry of water resources and caused acid mine drain within the study area.
There is a limited availability of groundwater potential within the study area, as there is steady increase in population due to movement of various faculties to main campus of Ebonyi State University (Perm Site). Therefore new water supplies are required to meet the demands for water. A combination of resistivity and borehole data were used to identify different water bearing horizons and their protective capacity. Twenty-three Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) using the Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode separations of 200 m was used to map the subsurface lithology. Distribution of the resistivity values at different depths were presented in maps. Correlation of the obtained resistivity values with the geology of the area showed three to six layers with varying hydrological properties exist in the study area. The fracture shale is identified as good water bearing formation and this formation possess low to high longitudinal conductance, high transverse resistance, and anisotropy values.
Water resource is available in Nigeria to meet demand for domestic, agricultural and industrial use, if well enhanced and protected from various source of pollution. However, less information is available on suitability of water resources for irrigation in Nigeria. This article reviews literature of past few years with regards to influence of geogenic and anthropogenic activities on water resource for irrigation purpose in Nigeria and also to explain the current state of suitability of water resource for irrigation studies in Nigeria and gaps in studies. It also summarizes future ways on water resource management and preventive measure for water resource pollution for irrigation. Related articles were downloaded from Google scholar in water-related issues. This paper tends to review previous article on water resource in Nigeria, and its suitability for irrigation. The primary aim of this paper is to produce a synoptic overview of the water resources in Nigeria and its suitability for irrigation. From paper reviewed it was observed that 89 % of water resources were considered suitable for irrigation.
Groundwater samples were evaluated for irrigation purpose, within selected part of Oju area of Benue State, Nigeria. The study area lies within Asu River Group of the Lower Benue Trough, southern part of Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed using APHA, 2012 method. Results from the study showed that pH falls within slightly basic to acidic, with Ec value ranging from 127 to 760 μS/cm, SSP ranges from 1.53 to 43.78, Sodium Percentage ranges from 1.55 to 77.8 %, Kelly Ratio ranges from 0.01 to 0.77, Magnesium Absorption Ratio ranges from 0.00 to 61.98 and total hardness Total Hardness ranges from 72.00 to 425.5 within the study area. The above listed parameters were below various permissible standard value for irrigation except for MAR at LBT/04, Na % at LBT/09, 13 and 14, SAR at 01 and 04 and TH at LBT/04 that were slightly above various permissible standard values. From Gibbs plot it was observed that rock dominance is the major factor that influences groundwater except for few sampling point were precipitation dominance was observed to have influence on groundwater within the study area.
This paper reviews the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of clays found in southern part of Nigeria, with a view to determine its usability. The usability of clays, depends on its chemical and mineralogical charactertics, the end product of clay after it is been processed is also based on it’s charactertics. From reviewed literature, it was observed that sampled clay within the study area were analyzed using the XRD, XRF and ICPMS method. Further findings also revealed that the dominant clay minerals within the study area include montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. On the other hand, it was observed that non-clay minerals such as feldspar, quartz, dickite and many others were found with clay as revealed by several scholars. While chemical charactertics of clay consists mainly of Al2O3, K2O, CaO and SiO2, with other major oxides such as P2O5, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO and Na2O. Some trace elements such Be, Ba, Sc, Sr, Zr, V and Y were reported to be present in clays deposit found in selected part of Ogun state. From reviewed articles, it was observed that mineralogical and chemical charactertics of clay make it suitable for pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic and polymer industries, but considered to be fairly suitable for oil and gas industry.
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