Hydrochemical and statistical modeling of groundwater quality in two constrasting geological terrains of southwestern Nigeria

Pollution potential and causative hydrogeochemical processes in unconfined aquifer systems in a typical urban setting: emphasis on recharge and discharge areas

“…Gibbs diagram was employed in order to establish relations prevailing between water composition and aquifer lithological characteristics, identify the dominant geochemical processes and mechanisms prevailing in waters sourced from recharge and discharge areas with strong replication of a particular environment. These relations, geochemical processes and mechanisms have a strong effect on the overall quality of water usage and can also guide towards its remediation if water quality is found unsuitable for many varied purposes (Gibbs 1970;Olofinlade et al 2018). The Gibbs diagram consists of three different zones, namely evaporation, atmospheric (precipitation) and rock-water interaction dominance (Gibbs 1970).…”

“…Groundwater pollution assessment studies have aided accurate assessment of the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution coupled with in-depth understanding and knowledge of hydrogeochemical processes which have been found important in groundwater quality assessment. Hydrogeochemical processes greatly influence the pollution or contamination of groundwater all over the world (Krishna Kumar et al 2014;Batabyal and Chakraborty 2015;Adewumi et al 2018;Batabyal 2017;Lapworth et al 2017;Olofinlade et al 2018;Oyedele et al 2019). This study is, however, aimed at the delineation of groundwater recharge and discharge areas in an urban metropolis, like Akure, the capital city of Ondo State, south-western Nigeria, for their pollution potential as well as the hydrogeochemical processes prevailing in the area.…”

Groundwater quality assessment and characterization of shallow basement aquifers in parts of ado ekiti metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria

“…Several methods have then been adopted in the evaluation of groundwater pollution. Hydrochemistry has become one of the tools in the evaluation of water suitability for different purposes such as industrial, domestic and agricultural purposes [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]16]. This is due to the ability of water in dissolving anything (minerals, rocks and solids), and it comes in contact with.…”

“…The movement of these microorganisms into aquifers depends on the microorganisms, permeabilities of aquifer materials, proximity to sewage facilities and many more [14,15]. The invasion of these organisms in urban areas is traceable to several processes such as uncontrolled sewage, grazing and manure spreading with attendant outbreak of waterborne diseases [13,14,17,18]. Geographical information system (GIS) has also emerged as another tool employed in developing solutions to several water problems, assessing water quality and managing water resources on a local or regional scale [19][20][21][22].…”

“…Other methods such as multivariate statistical analysis (factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ordinary kriging (OK)) have also aided further understanding and interpretation of the hydrogeochemical and bacteriological processes influencing groundwater quality. This is due to their simplicity and straightforwardness interpretation in the characterization of groundwater quality [12,13,23,24]. The contribution of geogenic and anthropogenic inputs in the pollution of groundwater has been recorded in several places [25][26][27][28].…”