Hydrocarbons of dogfish and cod livers and herring oil

Gershbein, Leon L.; Singh, Eric J.

doi:10.1007/bf02633182

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In terms of the total liver lipids, sterol occurred "at 5.9%, the fatty alcohols at 1.65% and the alkyl glyceryl ethers, principally chimyl alcohol, at 30 mg/100 g. The latter was somewhat higher but with a similar relative distribution by procedures employing TLC and analysis of the isopropylidene derivatives. The fatty alcohols occur at levels above those ascertained for pig liver lipids (7) and the glyceryl ether contents are in the range reported for several human and bovine lipid 473 sources (18) but are far below those observed for some of the fish liver oils (8,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The ratios of olefinic to saturated acids ranged from 1.8 to 2.3 but amounted to 2.8 for the phospholipids and even higher, 4.4, for the sterol ester components. Except for the acids from the sterol ester fraction, these ratios lie far under those of marine lipids such as basking shark, dogfish or cod liver oils (7,8) but are in the range of the fatty acids of the liver of the fin whaIe, Balaenoptera physalus (23) and possibly are higher than those of the total, free and glyceride acids of the liver lipids of such terrestrial mammals as the pig [1.2-1.4; (22)].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from special coal tar and petroleum sources, the presence of pristane has been demonstrated in wool wax (4), several human and animal tissues (5) and in human sebaceous lipids (6). The distribution of hydrocarbons occurring together with pristane and squalene has been recently surveyed in liver lipids of the basking shark (7), dogfish and cod and in whole herring oil (8) and the presence of several homologous series noted. As the opportunity presented itself for a study of the liver lipids of the polar bear, Thalarctos maritimus, it was thought timely to screen the hydrocarbons of this mammal in addition to other components, considering that certain similarities might exist in relation to the above marine lipids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver lipids of the polar bear,Thalarctos maritimus

Gershbein¹,

Singh²

1970

Lipids

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The distribution of total and free fatty acids as well as the acids from the glycerides, sterol esters and phospholipids of polar bear liver lipids was ascertained and found to contain somewhat higher levels of unsaturated components as compared to those of such mammals as the pig. Saponification of the liver lipids yielded the hydrocarbons, alcohols and sterols which were analyzed by GLC. The hydrocarbons occurred at an overall level of 55 mg/kg liver or 57.9 mg/100 g total lipids, of which pristane and other saturated hydrocarbons, mainly normal homologs, comprised 2.6 and 5.3 mg/100 g, respectively; the remainder contained squalene (37.7 mg/100 g) and other unsaturated types (12.3 mg/100 g). As based on the total lipids, the levels of fatty alcohols, sterol and glyceryl ethers amounted to 1.65%, 5.9% and 0.03%, respectively. The fatty alcohols displayed about 31 peaks of C12 to C30, of which the hexadecanol and a branched C20 component were prominent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver lipids of the polar bear,Thalarctos maritimus

Gershbein¹,

Singh²

1970

Lipids

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“…Liver oil of sharks ( Squalus spp. ) is the richest source of squalene with its composition reaching upto 40-70% of its dry weight (Gershbein and Singh 1969). The plant oil sources include amaranthus seed oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil and olive oil (Spanova and Daum 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on squalene biosynthesis and the standardization of its extraction methodology fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Paramasivan

Mutturi

Rajagopal

2018

Preprint

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Microbiology and 1 2 3 1 laboratory S. cerevisiae strains such as BY4742 and CEN.PK2-1C (native), deletion strains 3 2 (ERG6 and ERG11) and tHMG1 overexpressed S. cerevisiae strains. When sonication method of 3 3cell lysis was replaced with homogenization it was found that the yields were significantly higher 3 4and reached a value of 9 mg/g DCW in case of BY4742. In addition, Squalene yield in ergosterol 3 5 mutant strains has been analyzed and was found to be 1.8-fold and 3.4-fold higher in ERG6 and 3 6 ERG11 deletion strains, respectively, than BY4742. Squalene was also found to be higher at the 3 7 optimized temperature of 30°C and pH 6.0. Furthermore, tolerance of S. cerevisiae to external 3 8 squalene at various concentration has been carried and found that the organism was tolerant up to 3 9 25 g/L of squalene. 0Conclusions: Homogenization based mechanical disruption was observed to yield higher 4 1 squalene and the SEM analysis corroborates these findings. The synergistic effect of ERG11 4 2 downregulation and tHMG1 over-expression has led to significant increase in squalene yield. 4 3 Significance and Impact of the Study: Sonication and homogenization has been used as a cell-4 4 disruption method for the first time in squalene extraction and squalene yield from 4 5homogenization method of cell lysis in BY4742 has been found to be 9 mg/g DCW which is the 4 6 highest reported so far in a wild-type strain. 4 7

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“…Its namesake accords with shark liver oil (Squaluss spp. ), which is considered the most abundant source of squalene (Gershbein & Sing, 1969). High levels of squalene are typical of liver oils from deep-water sharks inhabiting water depths between 600 and 1000 m (Buranudeen & Richards-Rajadurai, 1986;Deprez, Volkman, & Davenport, 1990), the highest level of which is 80% (Bakes & Nichols, 1995;Wetherbee & Nichols, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%