Hydrocarbons and fatty acids in the Evergreen Shale, Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia

Mathews, Reginald Terrence; Igual, X.P; Jackson, Keith; Johns, R. B.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(72)90055-5

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…The shale core used in this study was extracted from a depth of 1235 m within the Evergreen formation (Jurassic age) in the Surat Basin in Queensland, Australia [ Roshan et al ., ]. The Evergreen formation is calcareous shale, located under the Walloon Coal Measures and above source rocks: Rewan and Back Creek groups [ Mathews et al ., ]. The core was preserved with an inner‐wrapped plastic seal and outer‐wrapped aluminium foil.…”

Section: Pressure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the kinetics of water uptake into partially saturated shales

Roshan

Andersen

Rutlidge

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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Several processes have been proposed to describe the low recovery of hydraulic fracturing fluid in unconventional shale reservoirs which has caused both technical and environmental concerns. This study describes novel hydraulic experiments to quantitatively investigate the kinetics of water uptake into partially saturated shale through investigating the pressure response of injecting fluids (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 with different ionic concentrations) into crushed and sieved shale fragments. The results of the study indicate that the cumulative water uptake under pressure is likely to be controlled by three processes: surface hydration, capillary hydration including advective flow, and osmotic hydration. Each of these processes is a function of the differences between the in situ pore fluid and the injection fluid (solution chemistry and concentration) and the shale physicochemical properties, in particular the contact surface area, pore diameter, and the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). The uptake is not instantaneous, but is diffusion limited, with the rate governed by a number of kinetic processes. Uptake proceeds in three stages, each associated with a different process: (1) predominantly surface hydration, (2) predominantly capillary hydration and finally, (3) predominantly osmotic hydration. It was also shown that shale can take up a significant amount of water compared to its available solid volume. However, contrary to the conventional understanding, the increase in salinity of the injection fluid does not necessarily lead to reduced water uptake into shales, but is dependent on the type and concentration of cations within the shale and injecting fluid.

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Section: Pressure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%