“…To quantitatively determine the range and variation pattern of EDZs, scholars have conducted studies based on various instruments to record relevant data, such as displacement and strain measurement [19,25], wave velocity testing [24,26], fluid permeation testing [21,27,28], gas permeation testing [5,29], resistivity testing [12,30,31], acoustic emission and microseismic event monitoring [32][33][34], borehole core analysis [13,35], chemical test methods [36,37], seismic wave testing [38][39][40][41], borehole camera technology [42,43], drill hole panoramic digital imaging technology [24], filling resin observation [17,44], and physical model tests [33]. It has been shown that the characteristics of EDZs vary with the rock properties, in situ stress field, geological environment, excavation method, and cavity section geometry, and the results obtained from different research methods vary.…”