Hydro-ecological analysis of a sacred lake watershed system in relation to land-use/cover change from Sikkim Himalaya

Streamflow, sediment and carbon transport from a Himalayan watershed

“…This can be appreciated by the fact that for a potato crop field of Poland it was reported that particulate input of only 263 g C m 22 resulted in an increase of 103 g C m 22 (Melillo, 1985), while in the maize field in Central Himalayas, similar amount of organic matter input could not even offset the decline in the carbon status of the soil (Singh and Singh, 1992), where deforestation leads to an agricultural land-use, higher rates of erosion will be maintained indefinitely (Rapp, 1975) unless practices of soil conservation are especially followed (Doran, 1980). The throughfall, stemflow, and canopy interception results are similar to that of forests of the Central Himalayas Negi et al, 1998;Jain et al, 2000). Throughfall in the TNFD was highest as a result of more canopy coverage and broad leaf nature of natural forest species than the mixed open forest.…”

Developing a sustainable agro-system for central Nepal using reduced tillage and straw mulching

“…In the Indian Himalaya, Sharma et al (2001) and Jain et al (2000) found very high rates of overland flow, soil and nutrient losses from bare agricultural fields following traditional practices compared to other land uses. In Nepal, the tillage intensity is a major factor that enhances soil erosion during pre-monsoon in upland agro-ecosystems.…”

Ecological Studies of Wetland Ecosystem in Manipur Valley from Management Perspectives

“…Wetland ecosystems are among the most threatened of all environmental resources. These bodies are getting more and more polluted due to anthropogenic activity leading to changes in land-use/cover characteristics and subsequently hydrologic processes, specifically through the large-scale conversion of forests to other land-uses (Jain et al, 2000;Mao & Cherkauer, 2009). After large areas of natural wetlands in all parts of the world were totally lost by drainage and landfills or were highly degraded by other human activities, the values and functions of natural wetlands are now being rediscovered (Gopal, 1991).…”