Hydraulic lime mortars for the restoration of historic masonry in Crete

Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P.; Bakolas, A.; Karatasios, Ioannis; Kilikoglou, Vassilis

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.001

Cited by 199 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This process is called self-repairing effect of hydraulic limestone [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] by European scholars. Although the carbonization of non-hydraulic constitute is slow, the whole process of carbonization begins from the surface and extends in depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the modification of two traditional building materials in ancient China

Zhao

et al. 2013

herit sci

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Silicate material is one of the most typical materials used in both traditional and modern buildings. This paper presents a comparative analysis of two silicate materials (ginger nut and Aga soil) used in ancient Chinese buildings. The research suggests that ginger nut and Aga soil have similar chemical compositions and physical properties. After they are burned at a temperature of 700°C~1400°C, they will have a dual characteristic of hydraulicity and non-hydraulicity. As the temperature rises, the non-hydraulic constituent increases at first and then decreases, while the hydraulic constituent is increasing regularly. Their chemical composition and characteristics are similar to those of the "hydraulic lime" in Europe, and the modified ginger nut and Aga soil can be used for repairing and reinforcing the stone, earthen, brick and ceramic relics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the modification of two traditional building materials in ancient China

Zhao

et al. 2013

herit sci

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“…Compatibility with the replacement materials has been discussed extensively in the scientific literature over the past decade (Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al 2005;Van Balen et al 2005;Faria et al 2008;Quist 2009;Přikryl et al 2011;Schueremans et al 2011).…”

Section: Prevention and Mitigation Of Decaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomaterials in construction and their sustainability: understanding their role in modern society

Přikryl

Török

Theodoridou

et al. 2016

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Inorganic raw materials, here termed geomaterials, derived from the Earth's crust and used in construction after appropriate processing make a genetically and functionally varied group of mineral resources. Although their basic functions have remained almost unchanged for centuries, some new attributes, meanings and impacts on society are still emerging. Geomaterials for construction were among the first mineral raw materials exploited, processed and used by man. They helped in the development of technological and artistic skills of humankind. Accessibility, workability and serviceability are considered here as their main functional attributes, being connected with man's skills to find their occurrence, extract and process them, and then use them in the correct way. However, serviceability is a more complex functional attribute as it also encompasses durability of a material in construction. Durability, that is the ability to withstand the action of weathering/decay processes, is an expression of the dynamic interactions between material and the surrounding environment encompassing not only gradual adaptation of materials to current environmental conditions, but also interactions between materials in construction, the history of maintenance/conservation of the structure and the impact of a polluted environment. In the modern world, sustainable use of raw materials, specifically those exploited in the largest volumes such as geomaterials for construction, raises questions of reducing extraction of primary resources and thus minimizing impacts on natural systems, and also employment of materials and technologies to produce less emission of deleterious substances in to the atmosphere. Use of secondary materials such as waste produced during extraction of primary raw materials and/or re-use of existing structural elements and re-or down-cycling can be considered as modern approaches to reducing the pressure on primary resources.

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“…Fluid-flow in building stones Coles et al, 1998;Wennberg et al, 2009;Xin et al, 2010) can be studied by means of X-ray CT together with their weathering resistance (Navarre-Sitchler et al, 2009) against frost-thaw (Ingham, 2005, thermal shock (Török and Prikryl, 2010), salt (Charola, 2000), etc. Based on these studies one can provide advice on the application of building stones and their use as restoration product (Hanley and Pavía, 2008;Lanas et al, 2004;Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al, 2005;Rizzo and Megna, 2008;SzemereyKiss and Török, 2011). Tight gas reservoirs exhibit storage and flow characteristics which are intimately tied to depositional and diagenetic processes (Golab et al, 2010).…”

Section:  Fluid Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications

Cnudde

Boone

2013

Earth-Science Reviews

1,192

700

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Please cite this article as: Cnudde, V., Boone, M.N., "High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: a review of the current technology and applications", Earth Science Reviews (2013Reviews ( ), doi: 10.1016Reviews ( /j.earscirev.2013 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T AbstractHigh-resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (HRXCT) or micro-CT (µCT) is a frequently used non-destructive 3D imaging and analysis technique for the investigation of internal structures of a large variety of objects, including geomaterials. Although the possibilities of X-ray micro-CT are becoming better appreciated in earth science research, the demands on this technique are also approaching certain physical limitations. As such, there remains a lot of research to be done in order to solve all the technical problems that occur when higher demands are put on the technique. In this paper, a review of the principle, the advantages and limitations of X-ray CT itself are presented, together with an overview of some current applications of micro-CT in geosciences. One of the main advantages of this technique is the fact that it is a non-destructive characterization technique which allows 4D monitoring of internal structural changes at resolutions down to a few hundred nanometers. Limitations of this technique are the operator dependency for the 3D image analysis from the reconstructed data, the discretations effects and possible imaging artefacts. Driven by the technological and computational progress, the technique is continuously growing as an analysis tool in geosciences and is becoming one of the standard techniques, as is shown by the large and still increasing number of publications in this research area. It is foreseen that this number will continue to rise, and micro-CT will become an indispensable technique in the field of geosciences.

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Hydraulic lime mortars for the restoration of historic masonry in Crete

Cited by 199 publications

References 6 publications

Research on the modification of two traditional building materials in ancient China

Research on the modification of two traditional building materials in ancient China

Geomaterials in construction and their sustainability: understanding their role in modern society

High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications

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