Hydraulic Jump: A Brief History and Research Challenges

Abstract

This paper presents a brief history of the hydraulic jump and a literature review on hydraulic jumps’ experimental and numerical studies. Leonardo da Vinci noticed this phenomenon early on, but it was only later studied by Bidone in 1820. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the hydraulic jump has received a lot of attention following the development of energy dissipater designs and stilling basins. The late 1920s and early 1930s saw many experimental studies researching the surface roller profile and energy dissipation. The study of internal flow features started in the late 1950s. Starting in the 70s, it was believed that the flow of a jump must be analyzed in its actual configuration of air–water mixture, an aspect that cannot be overlooked. Several experimental studies in the late 1980s and 1990s highlighted the existence of oscillating phenomena under specific flow conditions and particularly, a cyclic variation of jump types over long-lasting experiments. The early 2000s saw many experimental studies researching the complex structure of the separated region in very large channels downstream of the lateral shockwaves. Whereas most of the experiments provide measurements at a point or on a plane, the complete flow field supplied by CFD simulations enables us to have a deeper understanding of the dynamics of coherent structures that are responsible for free-surface fluctuations and aeration in hydraulic jumps. Therefore, in recent years, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, through turbulence models, has become a useful tool to study this complex environmental fluid mechanic problem.

Submerged hydraulic jump: a computational analysis in different scales

“…The hydraulic jump is a physical phenomenon characterized by the abrupt transition from an upstream supercritical flow upstream to a downstream subcritical flow. This phenomenon has intrigued scientists for at least two centuries, with notable studies such as Bidone's classic research in the early 19th century (De Padova & Mossa, 2021) and the development of the Bélanger Equation during the same period (Chanson, 2009a;De Padova & Mossa, 2021). Studies related to hydraulic jumps have gained significance due to their wide applicability in hydraulic engineering, owing to their turbulent characteristics that result in high energy dissipation during their occurrence.…”

“…In this context, computational modeling becomes an interesting approach for investigating complex phenomena, such as hydraulic jumps (Chanson, 2009b(Chanson, , 2009cDe Padova & Mossa, 2021). With the advent of modern computers with increased processing power and memory capacity, as well as the availability of cloud computing, it has become possible to computationally investigate more complex phenomena that require higher computational costs for their simulations.…”

Hydraulic Jump on a Partially Vegetated Bed

“…Current understanding of the hydraulic jump phenomenon roots mostly from its engineering utilization for purposes of irrigation and flood control, and has been long focusing on its hydraulic performance such as energy dissipation and bottom pressure load in man‐made stilling basins (Hager, 1992). A classic hydraulic jump, namely, a hydraulic jump in a horizontal rectangular channel with negligible boundary frictions, has been widely studied based on physical modeling (De Padova & Mossa, 2021; Gualtieri & Chanson, 2021). With the aid of side‐view flow imaging and intrusive single‐/two‐phase flow measurement, at least two flow regions are clearly identified within the length of the jump transitional section for an inflow Froude number Fr 1 > 3–4, namely, the jet‐shear region on the bottom, and the free‐surface roller region above (Hoyt & Sellin, 1989; Lin et al., 2012; Long et al., 1991; Macián‐Pérez et al., 2020; Wang & Chanson, 2015a, 2015b).…”

“…studied based on physical modeling (De Padova & Mossa, 2021;. With the aid of side-view flow imaging and intrusive single-/two-phase flow measurement, at least two flow regions are clearly identified within the length of the jump transitional section for an inflow Froude number Fr 1 > 3-4, namely, the jet-shear region on the bottom, and the free-surface roller region above (Hoyt & Sellin, 1989;Lin et al, 2012;Long et al, 1991;Macián-Pérez et al, 2020;Wang & Chanson, 2015a, 2015b.…”