Hydraulic Characteristics and Suspended Sediment Loads during Spring Breakup in Several Streams Located on the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, USA

Toniolo, Horacio; Vas, D. A.; Prokein, P.; Kenmitz, Richard; Lamb, E.; Brailey, D.

doi:10.4236/nr.2013.42028

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…• Table S1 • Movie S1 Free-floating and landfast (i.e., attached to land) ice are both present on Arctic deltas and affect water flow through channels by introducing friction (resistance) at the ice-water interface (Lotsari et al, 2017;Smith & Ettema, 1997;Sui et al, 2010;Toniolo et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2008). For free-floating ice, this decreases velocities (Lotsari et al, 2017;Smith & Ettema, 1997;Sui et al, 2010), which reduces bed shear stresses and sediment transport (Lau & Krishnappan, 1985;Smith & Ettema, 1997).…”

Section: 1029/2019gl082792mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice and Permafrost Effects on Delta Morphology and Channel Dynamics

Lauzon

Piliouras

Rowland

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Arctic regions are changing rapidly as permafrost thaws and sea ice retreats. These changes directly affect Arctic river deltas, but how permafrost and ice alter delta hydrology and sediment transport are not well researched. This knowledge gap limits our ability to forecast how these systems will respond to continued warming. We adapt the reduced complexity model of delta morphodynamics DeltaRCM to investigate the influences of permafrost and landfast ice on delta morphology and channel dynamics. We find that ice cover and permafrost decrease channel mobility, increase shoreline roughness, and route and deposit more sediment offshore. Ice cover also enhances overbank deposition, increasing subaerial delta elevations. Our modeling suggests that permafrost and ice loss in a warming climate could lead to less overbank and offshore deposition and more dynamic and spatially distributed fluxes of water and sediment across Arctic river deltas.

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Section: 1029/2019gl082792mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice and Permafrost Effects on Delta Morphology and Channel Dynamics

Lauzon

Piliouras

Rowland

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…It is these mechanical‐style breakups that are commonly associated with ice jam flooding (Figure 1d). This flooding is often damaging to human infrastructure (Rokaya et al., 2018) and can be responsible for transporting extremely elevated levels of sediment and nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, downstream and to adjacent floodplain ecosystems (Beltaos & Burrell, 2016; Burrell & Beltaos, 2019; Milburn & Prowse, 2000; Moore et al., 2013; Prowse, 1993; Scrimgeour et al., 1994; Toniolo et al., 2013). Additionally, these events cause rapid increases in river water temperature, which can be harmful to riverine flora and fauna (Scrimgeour et al., 1994).…”

Section: Ice Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of River Ice

et al. 2021

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Many of the world's rivers are ice covered for a portion of the year. For instance, the largest database of river ice cover documents that more than half of all of Earth's large rivers are seasonally ice covered (Yang et al., 2020). Freshwater systems are losing ice rapidly, however (Sharma et al., 2019); global scale predictions of river ice cover show that by 2100, average ice duration will decrease by 16.7 days, decreasing linearly with increases in annual mean temperature (Yang et al., 2020). These global scale patterns are further confirmed by in situ river ice records (de Rham et al.

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“…Toniolo et al [58] reports on field measurements carried out during the spring breakup of 2011 on seven pristine streams located in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Estimates of the Shields parameter indicated finer sediments could be moved in suspension but that coarse sand would move as bedload.…”

Section: Suspended-sediment Concentrations Shortly Before and During The Breakup Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review

Beltaos

Burrell²

2021

Water

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During the breakup of river ice covers, a greater potential for erosion occurs due to rising discharge and moving ice and the highly dynamic waves that form upon ice-jam release. Consequently, suspended-sediment concentrations can increase sharply and peak before the arrival of the peak flow. Large spikes in sediment concentrations occasionally occur during the passage of sharp waves resulting from releases of upstream ice jams and the ensuing ice runs. This is important, as river form and function (both geomorphologic and ecological) depend upon sediment erosion and deposition. Yet, sediment monitoring programs often overlook the higher suspended-sediment concentrations and loads that occur during the breakup period owing to data-collection difficulties in the presence of moving ice and ice jams. In this review paper, we introduce basics of river sediment erosion and transport and of relevant phenomena that occur during the breakup of river ice. Datasets of varying volume and detail on measured and inferred suspended-sediment concentrations during the breakup period on different rivers are reviewed and compared. Possible effects of river characteristics on seasonal sediment supply are discussed, and the implications of increased sediment supply are reviewed based on seasonal comparisons. The paper also reviews the environmental significance of increased sediment supply both on water quality and ecosystem functionality.

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Hydraulic Characteristics and Suspended Sediment Loads during Spring Breakup in Several Streams Located on the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, USA

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Ice and Permafrost Effects on Delta Morphology and Channel Dynamics

Ice and Permafrost Effects on Delta Morphology and Channel Dynamics

The Ecology of River Ice

Effects of River-Ice Breakup on Sediment Transport and Implications to Stream Environments: A Review

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