Hydrate Concept for Capturing Associated Gas

Abstract

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) technology is an attractive alternative to capture associated gas on FPSO's to solve the stranded and marginal gas problem in the oil industry. Based on estimates for land-based plants, the capital cost of hydrate technology is considerably lower than LNG, methanol and syncrude technologies. Offshore-based hydrate plants are also expected to be lower in costs. Crude/hydrate slurry processes are being developed for use on FPSO's. NGH technology is safe, environmentally friendly and easily scaleable. P. 247

Thermodynamic and Molecular-Scale Analysis of New Systems of Water-Soluble Hydrate Formers + CH4

“…2,3,6 For structure identification and molecular examination, solidstate 13 C NMR were used for the hydrate samples. shows 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra for four sII hydrate formers. As seen in this figure, all the samples have a single peak in the upfield area (chemical shift of -4.35 to -4.39 ppm), coming from CH 4 molecules in the small cages.…”

“…As seen in this figure, all the samples have a single peak in the upfield area (chemical shift of -4.35 to -4.39 ppm), coming from CH 4 molecules in the small cages. The large cages should be mostly filled with the large molecular hydrate formers, as detected by some 13 C signals in the downfield area. For methylsubstituted compounds, the carbon atom of the methyl group (C R , see Figure 1) was most shielded so that it was detected at 20.06 ppm for 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane and 21.15 ppm for 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, respectively.…”

“…For structural identification and microscopic investigation, a Bruker DSX400 NMR spectrometer at the Korea Basic Science Institute was used. 13 C crosspolarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectra were obtained at 200.0 K by packing the hydrate samples within a 4 mm o.d. zirconium rotor.…”

“…Such characteristics are also used to synthesize natural gas hydrate to use it as a storage or transport medium. 12,13 In addition to methane or natural gas, gas hydrate is also used for other applications such as storage of energy gases like hydrogen and methane, and separation/sequestration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. [14][15][16][17] As applications of gas hydrate grow, its microscopic properties and analytic methods become more critical.…”

Modelling hydrate formation kinetics of a hydrate promoter–water–natural gas system in a semi-batch spray reactor

“…The petroleum industry has endeavoured the prevention of hydrate formation in pipelines and processing equipments. On the other hand, several researchers have attempted to use hydrates as a means for gas storage and transportation (Gudmundsson and Borrehaug, 1996;Gudmundsson et al, 1998Gudmundsson et al, , 1999Fitzgerald and Taylor, 2001). The amount of natural gas practically storable in synthetic gas hydrates has a gas-to-hydrate volume ratio of 165:1, measured at standard pressure-temperature conditions.…”