Hybridization of rubber tired gantry (RTG) cranes

Antonelli, Marco; Ceraolo, Massimo; Desideri, Umberto; Lutzemberger, Giovanni; Sani, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.est.2017.05.004

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The CRESS ESS is flywheel based, which has also been examined by Flynn et al [11,33]. Flywheels are not the only type of ESS technology being examined for this application, batteries and super capacitor based systems, as well as hybrid solutions are also under investigation and implementation [34][35][36]. Another solution to utilise this otherwise dissipated energy on an electric RTG is to modify the pre-existing power system to include an active front end, such that the power can be regenerated back into the local grid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recording and analysing measurements from an RTG crane

et al. 2018

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The paper presents a bespoke power measurement system that has been designed and implemented on a Rubber Tyre Gantry, RTG crane at the Port of Felixstowe, PoF. The design of a novel system topology which is centred around a Beckhoff computer, as well as the specifications of the various transducers used, is detailed. To complement the hardware installation, a bespoke data analysis tool has also been developed in MATLAB, an overview of its operation and use are presented. The system allows for the characterisation of the cranes' various motors during operational hours; furthermore, the data collected has been used to verify simulations of RTGs developed as part of the overall PoF project. The measurement system was installed on RTG1 at the port in March 2016.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recording and analysing measurements from an RTG crane

et al. 2018

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“…The implemented strategy is of rule-based type, already considered by the authors in the field of working machines [21,22], and in other different vehicular applications [29][30][31][32]. According to this strategy, the useful power P U (t) can be seen as constituted by an average value and ripple.…”

Section: Energy Management Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The working hydraulic circuit is typically controlled by the action of spool valves, constituted by one or more metering orifices with variable cross‐section areas, able to change the direction of the flow toward one or the other actuator chambers. Further details on these components have been widely analysed by the same authors in [21, 22].…”

Section: Conventional Forklift Truckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridisation of forklift trucks

Ceraolo

Lutzemberger

Scarpelli

et al. 2020

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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In the past years, forklift manufacturers have started to hybridise their products under the worldwide interest toward electrification. This is generally made starting from existing standard products, and converting them into hybrid versions, rather than start from scratch and designing fully new vehicles. This approach involves several gaps from the inaccurate evaluation of the powertrain architecture and relative energy management strategy, up to a rough sizing of components. Therefore, this study suggests a structured methodology to follow, aimed to properly design hybrid forklift trucks. The first step is the analysis of the conventional working machine to hybridise, identifying one set of duty cycles. Then, the design of the new powertrain architecture, with a proper energy management strategy, and the definition of a numerical simulation model realised through a multiphysics object-oriented software package, to properly size the new powertrain components, and to verify energy and power flows. Finally, it is also presented a brief-cost-benefit analysis, as last verification of the proposed methodology, to verify the cost-effectiveness to bring the new products to the market. Results have shown the general feasibility of the operation since the significant reduction in fuel consumption is combined with sustainable costs of the new electrified components.

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“…The initial investment of the energy system of a hybrid RTG crane is one million renminbi (RMB), of which the battery pack cost is 0.2 million RMB, the SC cost is 0.4 million RMB, the DG cost is 20,000 RMB, and the cost of the two DC/DC converters is 0.2 million RMB [40]. For typical operation days, the working time of the crane is from 10.3 to 12.7 h. For low-activity days, the working time is from 6.7 to 7.3 h [41].…”

Section: Economics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Game-Based Energy Management Method for Hybrid RTG Cranes

Chen

Niu

et al. 2019

Energies

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In order to improve the energy efficiency and economic effect of conventional diesel-powered rubber-tired gantry (RTG) cranes in container terminals, various hybrid RTG cranes were studied. However, these current hybrid RTG cranes have several disadvantages, such as high initial investment cost and poor versatility of energy management methods. In this paper, a hybrid RTG crane consisting of a small-sized diesel generator (DG), a ternary material lithium battery, and a supercapacitor (SC) is studied, and a hybrid RTG crane energy management method based on game theory is proposed. The DG, lithium battery, and SC are modeled as three independent agents to participate in the game, and a multi-agent system (MAS) is established. During the RTG crane work process, agents achieve a coordinated and stable working state through the game, i.e., the Nash equilibrium. Three typical crane operation scenarios, the rated load, continuous work, and intermittent work, are simulated and studied. According to the results, combinations of the three devices can meet the power demand and system performance. The power of the DG in the hybrid system is small (only 20 kW), reducing fuel consumption and overall emissions during RTG crane operation.

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Hybridization of rubber tired gantry (RTG) cranes

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Recording and analysing measurements from an RTG crane

Recording and analysing measurements from an RTG crane

Hybridisation of forklift trucks

Game-Based Energy Management Method for Hybrid RTG Cranes

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