Hybridization of Emerging Crystalline Porous Materials: Synthesis Dimensionality and Electrochemical Energy Storage Application

Abstract

In recent years, the hybridization of the pristine CPMs with other materials or themselves has become a new research trend. In the field of MOF chemistry, a great development is expected as a fourthgeneration MOF. [9] Hybridization of CPMs and other materials can enhance or create novel functions. For example, hybridization of MOFs with organic polymers [10] is promising because it provides fundamental insight about interactions between MOFs and polymers and has yielded separation membranes toward practical use. On the other hand, hybridization of CPMs with inorganic matter allows the hierarchized or asymmetric spatial structures with coexisted micro-, meso-, and macropores. [11] Polymer synthesis in MOF channels can control the structures and aggregate states of polymers, resulting in polymer features that have never been realized. [12] Thus, hybridization of CPMs with other functional materials creates new worlds for both CPM chemistry and materials sciences as the rich specific surface areas and reaction sites provide infinite possibilities for hybridization. The strategy of hybridization is mainly based on the following two considerations: 1) hybridization can integrate the respective advantages of components to realize a synergistic effect; 2) it can break through the limitations of MOFs and COFs, such as the poor electrical conductivity, low tap density, processing difficulties, and irreversible structure degradation when used as electrodes or electrolytes, etc., which adversely affect performance and hinder scale-up production. Hybrid objects include but are not limited to carbon-based materials, conducting or insulating polymers, small organic molecules, electrolyte salts. Many excellent reviews have summarized the research progress of CPM hybrids or composites, either from the angle of detailed hybrid counterpart or specific application. [13] Here, in this review, we elaborate the hybridization from different dimensionalities, i.e., molecular, microscopic, and macroscopic level, to refine the underlying chemistry and material science. We first introduce recent progress regarding various hybridization methods and hybrid effect evaluations. Then we summarize the performance of MOF and COF hybrids at different categories in rechargeable batteries including metal-ion batteries (MIBs) (e.g., lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), potassium-ion Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are important members of crystalline porous materials due to their huge structural diversity and tunability. By hybridizing MOFs or COFs with other materials, restrictions of the pristine materials, i.e., poor conductivity and weak mechanical property, can be effectively circumvented. This review summarizes several hybridization techniques from the molecular level to the micro-and macroscales for the preparation of various MOF and COF hybrids. Then, their representative applications as electrochemical energy storage devices are elaborated, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapa...

Volatolomics in healthcare and its advanced detection technology

“…Representative works of E-nose based on other chemiresistive materials such as chemically modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [216,217], metal oxides [43,218], surfacemodified Si nanowires [219], and polymer-carbon hybrids [220,221] were also successfully applied to disease diagnosis with high accuracy. In addition, the newly emerging sensing materials such as crystalline porous materials (e.g., metal-organic framework/porous coordination polymers [222][223][224][225][226], black phosphorus [227][228][229][230], covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) [231,232], and Mxenes [233][234][235]) and their hybrid materials/thin films [236,237] Organosulphur Thiourea [156] Figure 7 The summary of the number of VOCs' kinds from the skin of different patients (data from Table 5).…”

Heterostructured hybrids of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic frameworks (COFs)

“…Zhang et al also reviewed crystalline porous materials for electrochemical energy storage application, which summarized several hybridization techniques according to the dimensionality of hybridization. 26 Recently, a similar review was reported by Chen et al , which focused on the synthetic approaches for MOF/COF hybrids and their applications. 16 Herein, a comprehensive overview of the nanostructure formation, synthesis approaches, and diverse applications of these hybrids is provided with particular focus on the following aspects: (1) the classification of MOF- and COF-related hybrids with specific nanostructures (Section 2), (2) the design principles and approaches for the synthesis of MOF- and COF-related hybrids (Section 3), (3) the detailed applications and functions of MOF- and COF-based hybrids (Section 4), and (4) the present challenges and future prospects for these hybrids (Section 5).…”

Solvatochromism and the effect of solvent on properties in a two-dimensional coordination polymer of cobalt-trimesate

“…These "smart" materials include supramolecular gels, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), zeolites and porous coordination networks. [1][2][3][4][5] Many of these materials are porous, so they contain voids which are accessible to guest molecules through diffusion. These voids are either intrinsic 6,7 or extrinsic 8,9 in nature.…”