Hybridization of banteng (Bos javanicus) and zebu (Bos indicus) revealed by mitochondrial DNA, satellite DNA, AFLP and microsatellites

Abstract

Hybridization between wild and domestic bovine species occurs worldwide either spontaneously or by organized crossing. We have analysed hybridization of banteng (Bos javanicus) and zebu (Bos indicus) in south-east Asian cattle using mitochondrial DNA (PCR-RFLP and sequencing), AFLP, satellite fragment length polymorphisms (SFLP or PCR-RFLP of satellite DNA) and microsatellite genotyping. The Indonesian Madura zebu breed is reputed to be of hybrid zebu-banteng origin, but this has never been documented and Bali cattle are considered to be a domesticated form of banteng. The banteng mitochondrial type was found in all animals sampled on the isle of Bali, Indonesia, but only in 35% of the animals from a Malaysian Bali-cattle population.The Madura animals also carried mitochondrial DNA of either zebu and banteng origin. In both populations, zebu introgression was confirmed by AFLP and SFLP. Microsatellite analysis of the Malaysian Bali population revealed for 12 out of 15 loci screened, Bali-cattle-specific alleles, several of which were also found in wild banteng animals. The tools we have described are suitable for the detection of species in introgression studies, which are essential for the genetic description of local breeds and the preservation of their economic and cultural value.

Proteomic Analysis of a 14.2 kDa Protein Isolated from Bali Cattle(Bos Sondaicus/Javanicus)Saliva Using Single Dimension Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometer

“…Bali cattle are native of Indonesia and derived from domesticated banteng, Bos javanicus, Bos banteng (Nijman et al, 2003;Mohamad et al, 2009). They are one of the main pedestals of beef cattle, and are exploited as a source of labor to plow the land in Indonesian rural areas.…”

Paternally inherited markers in bovine hybrid populations

“…Madura cattle has the typical zebu hump, but is also supposed to result from zebu-banteng hybridization (Payne and Rollinson, 1976). The hybrid origin of the Madura nuclear genome has been verified by SFLP and AFLP analyses, while the mitochondrial DNA was either of zebu or banteng origin (Nijman et al, 2003).…”

“…These results suggest that in combination with typing of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Verkaar et al, 2002;Nijman et al, 2003), Y-chromosomal assays are a useful tool for the conservation of the original Indonesian cattle breeds.…”

“…As shown in Figure 3 for four of the animals, the Bali cattle bulls appeared to descend from banteng bulls. In addition, a mitochondrial PCR-RFLP test (Verkaar et al, 2002, Nijman et al, 2003 also showed that the maternal lineage is also of banteng origin. Interestingly, the two Madura bulls that were available for analysis also carried banteng Y-chromosomes (Figure 1).…”

“…Bali cattle descend from the wild banteng (Bos javanicus), although zebu introgression has been suspected (Namikawa, 1981). Bali cattle bred outside their region of origin are clearly of hybrid origin, as shown by the analysis of mitochondrial DNA, AFLP, SFLP and microsatellite analysis of Malaysian Bali cattle (Nijman et al, 2003). Madura cattle has the typical zebu hump, but is also supposed to result from zebu-banteng hybridization (Payne and Rollinson, 1976).…”