Hybrid vibration and wind energy harvesting using combined piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion for bridge health monitoring applications

Iqbal, Muhammad; Khan, Farid Ullah

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.07.044

Cited by 171 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Figure 9 depicts the output powers of the PEH devices with respect to their operation frequency using the FEM models. This output power can supply electrical energy to low-power electronic devices, such as pressure and temperature sensors [39]. The proposed PEH devices can operate at resonance with frequencies caused by vibration sources, such as domestic washing machines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines

et al. 2020

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Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices can convert the mechanical vibrations of their surrounding environment into electrical energy for low-power sensors. This electrical energy is amplified when the operation resonant frequency of the PEH device matches with the vibration frequency of its surrounding environment. We present the electromechanical modeling of two MEMS-based PEH devices to transform the mechanical vibrations of domestic washing machines into electrical energy. These devices have resonant structures with a T shape, which are formed by an array of multilayer beams and a ultraviolet (UV)-resin seismic mass. The first layer is a substrate of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the second and fourth layers are Al and Pt electrodes, and the third layer is piezoelectric material. Two different types of piezoelectric materials (ZnO and PZT-5A) are considered in the designs of PEH devices. The mechanical behavior of each PEH device is obtained using analytical models based on the Rayleigh–Ritz and Macaulay methods, as well as the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. In addition, finite element method (FEM) models are developed to predict the electromechanical response of the PEH devices. The results of the mechanical behavior of these devices obtained with the analytical models agree well with those of the FEM models. The PEH devices of ZnO and PZT-5A can generate up to 1.97 and 1.35 µW with voltages of 545.32 and 45.10 mV, and load resistances of 151.12 and 1.5 kΩ, respectively. These PEH devices could supply power to internet of things (IoT) sensors of domestic washing machines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines

et al. 2020

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“…In EM insole energy harvesters, the coil is extensively made of copper (Cu) wire because of good conductivity, ductility, and tensile strength, while aluminum (Al) is used for the suspension unit, owing to its good flexibility, non-permanent deformation, and good fatigue strength. Combining two or more harvesting mechanisms in a hybrid system is a recent research interest for the sustainable drive of microelectronics [67]. The resonant frequencies of the reported insole energy harvesters, shown in Table 4, range from 3-50 Hz with the highest operating frequency of 45 Hz, and the base accelerations to which these harvesters were subjected, were 0.1-1.0 g. The reported triboelectric insole energy harvesters generally generated more voltage levels (75-134 V) than piezoelectric (20-30 V) and electromagnetic (0.22-0.24 V) insole energy harvesters.…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Hybrid Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Insole Energy Harvester Using PVDF Generators

et al. 2020

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Harvesting biomechanical energy is a viable solution to sustainably powering wearable electronics for continuous health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking. A hybrid insole energy harvester (HIEH), capable of harvesting energy from low-frequency walking step motion, to supply power to wearable sensors, has been reported in this paper. The multimodal and multi-degrees-of-freedom low frequency walking energy harvester has a lightweight of 33.2 g and occupies a small volume of 44.1 cm3. Experimentally, the HIEH exhibits six resonant frequencies, corresponding to the resonances of the intermediate square spiral planar spring at 9.7, 41 Hz, 50 Hz, and 55 Hz, the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) beam-I at 16.5 Hz and PVDF beam-II at 25 Hz. The upper and lower electromagnetic (EM) generators are capable of delivering peak powers of 58 µW and 51 µW under 0.6 g, by EM induction at 9.7 Hz, across optimum load resistances of 13.5 Ω and 16.5 Ω, respectively. Moreover, PVDF-I and PVDF-II generate root mean square (RMS) voltages of 3.34 V and 3.83 V across 9 MΩ load resistance, under 0.6 g base acceleration. As compared to individual harvesting units, the hybrid harvester performed much better, generated about 7 V open-circuit voltage and charged a 100 µF capacitor up to 2.9 V using a hand movement for about eight minutes, which is 30% more voltage than the standalone piezoelectric unit in the same amount of time. The designed HIEH can be a potential mobile source to sustainably power wearable electronics and wireless body sensors.

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“…For alternative power requirements of WSNs in IoTs, energy harvesting 2‐4 from environment is a viable solution. Energies present in the ambient, such as, thermic, 5,6 solar, 7,8 wind 9,10 and acoustic 11,12 have been effectively transformed into electric power with the respective energy harvesters. Moreover, in addition, mechanical kinetic energy and vibration are also abundantly available in domestic, office and industrial environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A vibration‐based electromagnetic and piezoelectric hybrid energy harvester

Khan

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary This work presents the fabrication and testing of a vibration‐based single energy hybrid harvester (VSEHH). Electromagnetic and piezoelectric transduction mechanisms are utilized for energy extraction in the developed harvester. Electromagnetic portion of the device composed of a permanent magnet, planar coil and wound coil, however, for piezoelectric portion polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane is used. In the harvester the PVDF membrane having the magnet is kept loose in order to exploit the spring softening nonlinearity. At lower base excitation levels (less than 0.5g) the response of the VSEHH is linear, however, from 0.5 to 2.5g the harvester exhibits spring softening nonlinearity and at acceleration levels greater than 2.5g, the spring hardening nonlinearity is invoked. Because of nonlinear behavior of the harvester, the shift of resonant frequency, the sudden jump‐up and jump‐down phenomena result in the enhancement of the harvester's frequency bandwidth. Under sinusoidal excitation and at 123 Hz frequency and 4g acceleration, the electromagnetic portion of the harvester produced 40.6 mV load voltage and 212.7 μW with planar coil and 73.5 mV load voltage and 319.1 μW power with wound coil. Moreover, under the same vibrations condition a load voltage of 2930 mV and power of 57.6 μW is generated by the piezoelectric portion of the harvester. Collectively, the harvester is capable of producing a power of 589.4 μW and a power density of 334.13 μW/cm3. Furthermore, when subjected to broadband random vibrations, two central frequency peaks are produced, one is due to spring softening and the other corresponds to the spring hardening of the membrane.

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Hybrid vibration and wind energy harvesting using combined piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion for bridge health monitoring applications

Cited by 171 publications

References 48 publications

Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines

Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines

Multimodal Hybrid Piezoelectric-Electromagnetic Insole Energy Harvester Using PVDF Generators

A vibration‐based electromagnetic and piezoelectric hybrid energy harvester

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